II-Leukocidin genetic organization and genome distribution The genetic architecture of the S. aureus leucocidins is widely conserved. F and S subunits of a certain toxin pair are transcribed from specific single promoter. The open reading frame of the S subunit immediately come before The open reading frameof the F subunit‚ with as little as a single nucleotide separating each open reading frames (Fig.1). The only known exception to this rule iwas in gamma-hemolysin locus. 1-Gamma-hemolysin:
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Software fusion is the combination of separate sets of CT and PET images into one study unit. A number of commercial packages have been established to suit this purpose. The packages normally have similar functions sets for visualization and fusion. The most common image fusion technique is manual setting of a single scan relative to another positioned in a 3- dimensional space‚ comprising of 9 free position adjustment parameters‚ each of them rotation in 3 directions and also size. This
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2. Material and methods 2.1 Sample collection The following 14 samples of Staphylococcus aureus were used in this study. All samples were obtained from food contact surfaces at three food premises in University of Putra Malaysia (UPM). Samples were collected from the surface of each material according to standard swabbing techniques. The collection was carried out during weekdays (15:00-17:00) after finished the preparation of foods. Sterile swabs were removed from the coded test tubes that contain
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Formaldehyde as a model protein crosslinking reagent. Understanding protein-protein interactions is becoming a vital study for application in the development of new age pharmaceuticals and utilization in diagnostic models. The overall aim is to gain an insight into the function and role of individual proteins with specific interest on how they react in cells‚ (Toews et al. 2008). The biopharma industry in Ireland is becoming a booming success for the economy therefore a complete understanding of
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2.6. In vitro characterization of prepared cubogels 2.6.1. Physical evaluation of the prepared cubogels The freshly prepared cubo-gels were examined by visual inspection‚ where the prepared formulae were examined for their physical characteristics (e.g.‚ color and homogeneity). In addition‚ the pH of a 10 % aqueous solution of the Cl-cubogels was measured. 2.6.2. Rheological properties evaluation of the prepared Cl-cubogels The prepared Cl-cubogels were evaluated a rotational Brookfield viscometer
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What is a gene? A gene is a continuous DNA segment that is transcribed into a single preRNA molecule. A zoologist and geneticist named Thomas Hunt Morgan is known for his research with fruit fly. Thomas Morgan was born on September 15‚1866 in Lexington‚ Kentucky. In 1886‚ he received his B.S. degree at the University of Kentucky. In 1910‚ Morgan saw that one male fly had a distinct difference about it. Instead of normal red eyes‚ this fly had white eyes (Allen). He wanted to test the breeding of
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The purpose of this experiment was to determine if there is a difference in invertebrate diversity between the mainland and Cow Island at the Queen’s University Biological Station. This was done by setting up multiple transect lines in both locations‚ all running 60 metres long with sticky traps and pitfall traps every 15 metres. The point-quarter transect method was used to record surrounding tree species and diameter to provide further information about the areas biotic diversity. It was hypothesized
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Title: E. Coli Transformation with a Plasmid DNA Containing the GFP Gene Introduction: Bacterial transformation is the process of bacteria taking in and expressing exogenous DNA. This has led to many other discoveries. In order for bacterial transformation to occur the bacteria must be in a certain physical state to be able to take in DNA. This is called competency and it allows the cell membrane to be permeable so DNA can pass through. Currently researchers are studying the transformation
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In this particular situation we didn’t add enough PGLO into the DNA so ours didn’t glow. In the control lab a different outcomes was observed in each of the four plates. In the LB/amp/arabinose agarose plate containing the +pGLO sample‚ fluorescent green colonies developed. This is because the gene which codes for the fluorescent protein‚ GFP‚ is located near the beta lactamase gene on the pGLO plasmid‚ which protects bacteria from the antibiotic ampicillin. When the cell produced beta lactamase
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Phage is a virus that consists of a protein coat that surrounds the core of DNA. When phage DNA enters the host cell it directs phage reproduction. DNA is the molecule that is responsibility for heredity. In this experiment‚ phage was added to E.coli in a radioactive medium. Phages were used to demonstrate that DNA is the genetic material. The DNA molecule is surrounded by a protein coat. So‚ when phages infect bacteria‚ they will attach to the surface of the bacterium. When this happens‚ they inject
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