active ingredient(s) in an aqueous or non aqueous solvent. Solutions can be formulated for different routes of administration Orally: Syrups‚ elixirs‚ drops In mouth and throat: Mouth washes‚ gargles‚ throat sprays. In body cavities: Douches‚ enemas‚ ear drops‚ nasal sprays. On body Surfaces: Collodions‚ lotions. SO LU TIO N S A solution is a homogenous one-phase system consisting of two or more components. Solution consists of two phases: - Solvent phase; determine the phase of the solution and
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Description of Technique/Process Recrystallization is the process of purifying solids based on their different solubilities. The steps involved in recrystallization are: a. Find a suitable solvent for the recrystallization; b. Dissolve the impure solid in a minimum volume of hot solvent; c. Remove any insoluble impurities by filtration; d. Slowly cool the hot solution to crystallize the desired compound from the solution; e. Filter the solution to isolate the purified solid
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Lab 3: Solubility of Organic Compounds Objectives: Understanding the relative solubility of organic compounds in various solvents. Exploration of the effect of polar groups on a nonpolar hydrocarbon skeleton. Introduction: The solubility of a solute (a dissolved substance) in a solvent (the dissolving medium) is the most important chemical principle underlying three major techniques you will study in the organic chemistry laboratory: crystallization‚ extraction‚ and chromatography.
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Laboratory #16: Analysis of Grease in Water by Solvent Extraction Experiment Date: 2/19/10 Due Date: 2/26/10 II. Objective The goal of this lab was to determine the amount of impurity‚ in the form of oil‚ in water using the method of solvent extraction‚ also known as liquid-liquid extraction‚ a method of separating two materials with different physical and/or chemical properties. Two methods of evaporation will be used to finally determine the concentration of impurity- one using an explosion-proof
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mixture is where the components are not uniform. Mixtures can either be miscible or immiscible‚ the difference being whether or not the mixture forms a homogeneous mixture or not. In a solution a solute is soluble in a solvent. In a mixture the solute may be completely insoluble to the solvent. A heterogeneous mixture that would be Solid/Liquid would be Skim milk. Although skim milk contains mostly water it also contains casein‚ which is a small protein. The casein protein is so small it may not be thought
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Outline the method to measure viscosity using Ostwald viscometer Determine the average molecular weight of a polymer Determine the surface concentration of 1-butanol in aqueous solution Measure the distribution coefficient of a solute betweenn two solvents 39.1 Introduction Viscosity‚ one of the transport properties‚ arises because of intermolecular attractive and relatively long-range forces. Viscosity coefficient ([pic])‚ a specific constant characteristic of a liquid could be expressed by the
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Introduction: Extraction is the experimental procedure of obtaining a desired compound with the use of a solvent from either a liquid or solid mixture. Solid-liquid extraction involves the removal of organic compounds from solid material. This method of extraction may be achieved through extraction of the organic compound at the boiling point of a polar solvent such as water. Using water as the solvent will typically result in a 61-85 percent extraction efficiency of caffeine from green tea¹. By heating
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separates mixtures in a liquid into individual components. The process of chromatography separates molecules because of the different solubilities of the molecules in a selected solvent. In paper chromatography‚ paper is marked with an unknown‚ such as plant extract‚ is placed in a developing chamber with a specified solvent. The solvent carries the dissolved pigments as it moves up the paper. The pigments are carried at different rates
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separated and recovered. However‚ there were impurities that were collected together with the substances that caused discrepancies in the results. INTRODUCTION. In organic chemistry‚ extraction is a separation technique between two immiscible solvents‚ often an aqueous or alcoholic phase and a nonpolar organic phase. Benzoic acid‚ C7H6O2‚ is a white crystalline solid and a simple aromatic carboxylic acid with a faint‚ pleasant odor. Its molecular weight is 122.12 g/mol. It is very slightly
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purified in a hot solvent and cooling the solution slowly‚ this allows impurities with different solubility to separate from the solution in each step. The objective of the experiment was to synthesize acetanilide by the acetylation of aniline and to purify crude acetanilide product by recrystallization. The group determined water as the recrystallizing solvent. The group performed acetylation of aniline and acetic anhydride for the formation of crude acetanilide. The recrystallizing solvent dissolved the
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