3 Pharmaceutical Solution Part I CUCMS 20142015
P H A R M A C EU TIC A L
S O LU TIO N S
PA R T I
Pharmaceutical Technology II
PHAR 2332
LEARN IN G O BJECTIVES
At the end of the lecture, the students
should be able to;
1. Define pharmaceutical solutions.
2. Discuss the advantages & drawbacks of pharmaceutical solutions as dosage form. 3. Explain the formulation components in pharmaceutical solutions.
4. Describe types of pharmaceutical solutions. Solutions are:
Dosage forms prepared by dissolving the active ingredient(s) in an aqueous or non aqueous solvent.
Solutions can be formulated for different routes of administration
Orally: Syrups, elixirs, drops
In mouth and throat: Mouth washes, gargles, throat sprays.
In body cavities: Douches, enemas, ear drops, nasal sprays.
On body Surfaces: Collodions, lotions.
SO LU TIO N S
A solution is a homogenous one-phase system
consisting of two or more components.
Solution consists of two phases:
- Solvent phase; determine the phase of the solution and usually constitutes the largest proportion of the system, but there are some exceptions e.g. syrup.
Solute phase; dispersed as molecules or ions throughout the solvent i.e. they are said to be dissolved in the solvent. Solutions
Gas in gas (air)
solid in solid (alloys)
Gas in liquid (cokes)
liquid in liquid (alcohol in water)
solid in liquid (sugar in water)
Solutions
Well-mixed (uniform) – single phase homogenous transparent cannot be separated by filter sugar in water
do not separate on standing
D ef n i itions
SOLUBILITY
- It is the number of parts of solvent (by volume) that will dissolve one part of solute
(by weight of a solid or liquid).
- It also can be defined as the amount of a solute that passes into solution
- A solute will dissolve best in a solvent that has a similar polarity to itself.
MISCIBILITY
when the two components forming a solution are either both gases, solids or liquids it is more usual to talk in terms of miscibility rather than solubility.
Solutions
Solvent: greater
S O LU TIO N S
PA R T I
Pharmaceutical Technology II
PHAR 2332
LEARN IN G O BJECTIVES
At the end of the lecture, the students
should be able to;
1. Define pharmaceutical solutions.
2. Discuss the advantages & drawbacks of pharmaceutical solutions as dosage form. 3. Explain the formulation components in pharmaceutical solutions.
4. Describe types of pharmaceutical solutions. Solutions are:
Dosage forms prepared by dissolving the active ingredient(s) in an aqueous or non aqueous solvent.
Solutions can be formulated for different routes of administration
Orally: Syrups, elixirs, drops
In mouth and throat: Mouth washes, gargles, throat sprays.
In body cavities: Douches, enemas, ear drops, nasal sprays.
On body Surfaces: Collodions, lotions.
SO LU TIO N S
A solution is a homogenous one-phase system
consisting of two or more components.
Solution consists of two phases:
- Solvent phase; determine the phase of the solution and usually constitutes the largest proportion of the system, but there are some exceptions e.g. syrup.
Solute phase; dispersed as molecules or ions throughout the solvent i.e. they are said to be dissolved in the solvent. Solutions
Gas in gas (air)
solid in solid (alloys)
Gas in liquid (cokes)
liquid in liquid (alcohol in water)
solid in liquid (sugar in water)
Solutions
Well-mixed (uniform) – single phase homogenous transparent cannot be separated by filter sugar in water
do not separate on standing
D ef n i itions
SOLUBILITY
- It is the number of parts of solvent (by volume) that will dissolve one part of solute
(by weight of a solid or liquid).
- It also can be defined as the amount of a solute that passes into solution
- A solute will dissolve best in a solvent that has a similar polarity to itself.
MISCIBILITY
when the two components forming a solution are either both gases, solids or liquids it is more usual to talk in terms of miscibility rather than solubility.
Solutions
Solvent: greater