UNIVERSITY OF HERTFORDSHIRE SCHOOL OF LAW COURSEWORK FOR ASPECTS OF EUROPEAN LAW (2LAW0043) DATE - 16th March 2010 ‘The useful effect of a directive would be weakened if individuals were prevented from relying on it before their national courts...’ Van Duyn v Home Office (Case 41/74) Discuss the above statement in the light of the doctrine of direct effect and the later doctrines developed by the ECJ. In order to discuss the above statement
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First Nations. The notion of wealth‚ the growing dependence on Europeans‚ and Smallpox were all events that had lasting impacts on the First Nations culture even to this day. A large impact on Aboriginal peoples was their growing dependency on European culture. Tobacco was considered a sacred medicine and the First Nations people relied on the Europeans to provide it for them. The First Nations became extrememly dependent on the Europeans for items they had never had before and were considered luxuries
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What forces shaped the Mi’kmaq relations with the Europeans? When the early settlers of the Americas arrived on the East coast of what is now Canada‚ they discovered a people that was remarkably different from their own. First impressions would deem these people as “uncivilized” (source) “savages” (source) who lived “miserable lives” (source). However‚ as time went on the settlers began to realize just how deeply rooted this Aboriginal culture really was. The Mi’kmaq lived a simple nomadic
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Analyse the impact of European contact in Māori between 1642 and prior to the sighing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. Between 1642 and prior to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi‚ many European traders and missionaries arrived‚ bringing changes for Māori. They impacted the Māori society and introduced many new things to the Māori like pigs‚ muskets‚ tobacco and alcohol. Missionaries also influenced Māori and introduced Māori to Christianity and to the written language. Europeans changed the lifestyle
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period "European in 15th and 16th century" is known as "the Age of Exploration." However what caused this improvement? During this period‚ European increasing their knowledges and techniques‚ expanded their land‚ also led their country to become rich. The main cause for European exploration in 15th and 16th century was spirit of adventure follow by economic motives to a lesser extend religious motives. In the first place‚ the spirit of adventure is the most major reason that caused European exploration
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European and Japanese Feudalism Feudalism was not only a European invention‚ the Japanese created their form of feudalism also at its height in Europe. These two feudalistic societies had their own similarities and some differences. But through this‚ feudalism had a great effect on Feudal Europe and Japan. European and Japanese feudalism systems both had the same general idea. This was for powerful landholders to establish and lead a class of warriors for protection. Ownership of land
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Since the 15th century‚ Europeans have been exploring the world‚ colonizing new lands‚ and interacting with the people of these new lands. These interactions were caused mostly by the economic motivations of Europeans‚ as these places often provided Europe with valuable goods. Throughout this period of interaction‚ European views of foreigners changed from those of respect and tolerance in the late 18th century to those of complete superiority and dominance in the early 20th century. This change
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‘The Netherlands and the European Union’ Table Of Contents 1. History of the European Union 2. The Netherlands and Europe 3. Positive rated topics by Dutch people 4. Negative feelings towards European Union 5. Advantages and disadvantages of the European Union 6. The European Policy from the Netherlands in the coming years 7. Sources History of the European Union Nowadays the European Union contains 27 members
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The poem "Let America Be America Again" by Langston Hughes purposefully is reminiscent of Walt Whitman’s "I Hear America Singing" in which Whitman is optimistic about this land of democratic opportunity. Hughes‚ however‚ writing from a black man’s perspective‚ is much less optimistic about what American has been or will be. While Whitman’s’ poem was very unstructured in blank verse‚ Hughes’s poem is more tightly controlled with rhyme‚ tone‚ rhetorical questions‚ and more unified with repeated anaphora
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Political factors Political risk‚ for examples the Gulf war and terrorism somehow damaging passenger confidence‚ particularly in the US. Presence of political support and lobbying for major EU/US aerospace businesses Support of EU aircraft manufacturer for Rolls-Royce Subsidies by EU government US tax breaks for Rolls-Royce Carbon emissions under the Kyoto protocol is targets for reduction by EU‚ creating pressures for reduced impact of air travel Policy formation for example Open Skies liberalisation
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