Ye Hua Social Foundation 25/09/2012 The significance and implications of assumptions about ‘historical causation’ in Herodotus’s The Histories and Thucydides’sThe Peloponnesian war Historical causation is a facet of historical analysis that focuses on explaining what occasioned or affected historic event. Causation analysis‚ thus‚ investigates the social‚ political‚ moral background of movements‚ ideologies and environmental occurrence; nevertheless‚ these analyses themselves are influenced
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Why did Athens lose the Peloponnesian Wars? What impact did the wars have on Greece? A good portion of blame for Athens losing the Peloponnesian Wars can be laid at the feet of two men: Alcibiades and the Spartan king‚ Lysander. Alcibiades was the nephew of Pericles. He was very charismatic and the young people of Athens loved him. But he had a glaring flaw; he lost his parents at a young age and became something of a sociopath‚ not caring what his deeds resulted in. As stated before
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origins and consequences of The Peloponnesian War 431-404 B.C Account for the Athenian Defeat The main Peloponnesian War or second Peloponnesian war from 431- 404 B.C was fought between the growing power Athens and the dominating power Sparta. Gilpin notes the importance of this war as it parallels many others in history and characterises realist theory in present day international politics. The following essay will examine the origins and consequences of this war and account for the Athenian
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The years following Peloponnesian war were a time of disenchantment and frustration for Athens. The Athenians could not perceive and accept that despite all their powerfulness they had lost the war. It was a time that can be called today of “a cultural war”. On one side of this war were the traditionalists who blamed democracy and the sophists for the defeat in the war; they propagated to reinstate the conventional religious form of practice and reinforce the old-fashioned values. On the other side
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years that I came upon a manuscript by the great historian Thucydides who cut away any nonsense in his writing. To Thucydides‚ the past was something worthy of being seriously studied. His work the History of the Peloponnesian War is a masterpiece. Unfortunately‚ his account of the war‚ which began in 431‚ has only been completed up to the year 411. He may get a bit further in his old age‚ but it is highly unlikely he makes it all the way to the current day in 403 B.C. where history is surely to
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1) What were the functions of the Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues? The Delian league was set up by the Athenians for an alliance between all the Ionian Greeks so to stamp out the threat of Persia. Athens took charge because Sparta retreated into its own self-interests‚ so to only protect themselves so the Ionians looked for help among the Athenians. It was formed in 477BC at Delos (which was a neutral city). The league seemed successful because in they had some big victories such as in: 478BC Byzantium
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Why War? Is war inevitable? It appears that the answer to this question is yes. However‚ war is unpredictable and must be studied based on individual circumstances‚ actions taken‚ and reactions. States disagree with each other on many subjects and conflicts arise often. To answer this question‚ we must first examine the causes of a conflict‚ evaluate the outcome and determine any alternatives that may exist. Then we can analyze some alternative theoretical outcomes compared to the actual
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Throughout the Peloponnesian war‚ the island of Melos had managed to remain neutral‚ while refusing to become a subject of Athens. However‚ as the war progressed‚ Athens closed in on the island‚ which responded with hostility. The Athenians the in a frank manner suitable to their bold nature‚ offered the Melians an ultimatum that was essentially to surrender and pay tribute to Athens‚ or be conquered and destroyed. Throughout the dialogue that commenced between the Melians and the Athenians‚ the
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Athens won the allegiance‚ and eventually the contributions of most Aegean Cities. (Durant 1966:474) When the war was over‚ the Ionia was impoverished and in ruin‚ The Sparta will be demoralized by earthquake and the resulting Helot insurrection; Athens on the contrary‚ will command the largest naval fleet ever seen by men‚ which will dominate the trade routes around the Aegean Sea. The war might have been quite over‚ but the rivalries between the Athenians and Spartans were not; in 478 the Spartan
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In this paper‚ I will attempt to argue Michael Walzer’s reasoning that war is not inevitable‚ and show that freedom of choice does not exists for the parties involved. I will present an argument for the inevitability of war after outlining Walzer’s objections to the realist’s point of view on the morality of war. In Just and Unjust Wars‚ Walzer argues against the realist’s view on the morality of war; namely‚ that war is inevitable therefore eliminating freedom of choice. Before delving into the
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