HISTORICAL POLITENESS IN GREAT BRITAIN Eva Marín Caballero Historical Pragmatics Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Wintersemester 2013/2014 Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Politeness and Face-work: Background information - Definitions - A face-based model: Brown and Levinson (1987) - Politeness vs. Impoliteness 3. Politeness in the history of English - From positive to negative politeness culture - Politeness in Old English - Politeness in Middle English: curteisie - Politeness
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How does the English language enable us to express ‘politeness’? The definition of politeness is ‘Having or showing behavior that is respectful and considerate of other people’(Oxford Dictionary) it is a social construct that has formulated by humans to communicate in society. They are usually taught in the home and in society through our norms and values of socialisation .Linguistically‚ politeness is a form of pragmatic‚ ‘the study of how interlocutors use their own knowledge of a language to
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MEANING OF THE WORD ‘TRANSLATION’ FROM VARIOUS DICTIONARIES: ➢ Wikipedia: Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. ➢ General Oxford Dictionary: Translation n 1 the act or an instance of translating. 2 a written or spoken expression of the meaning of a word‚ speech‚ book‚ etc. in another language. ➢ Dictionary of Translation Studies: Translation: An incredibly broad notion which can be understood
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not the regime of conjugal partnership of gains governed the property relationship of two Muslims who contracted marriage prior to the effectivity of the Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines (hereafter‚ “P.D. 1083” or “Muslim Code”). The question is raised in connection with the settlement of the estate of the deceased husband. Hadji Abdula Malang‚ a Muslim‚ contracted marriage with Aida (Kenanday) Limba. They begot three sons named Hadji Mohammad Ulyssis‚ Hadji Ismael Malindatu and Datulna
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Commentory on translation Choisir une notion (foreignization) ? Explain and expand it Explain the key concepts Critics about Relate this approach to the translation task Seminar paper choisir un article qui parle de traduction resumez l’article et presentez les differents point critiques qui on été faites sur l’auteur critiques justifiés ou pas ? Domestication and Foreignization Theory Domestication and foreignization are two basic translation strategies which provide both
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Delhi) 2013-2014 LEGAL TRANSLATIon SUBMITTED TO: INTRODUCTION TRANSLATION Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. Semantic Translation: Semantic translation takes advantage of semantics that associate meaning with individual data elements in one dictionary to create an equivalent meaning in a second system. Literal Translation: Literal translation‚ or directed translation‚ is the rendering of text
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Business negotiations of euphemism and expression Catalogue Abstract………………………………………………………………….3 Introduction……………………………………………………………..3 Body………………………………………………………………….......3 1. Business environment‚ each of the parties to achieve the intended purpose....3 2. Euphemism and Politeness Principle……………………………………...4 3. Business negotiations Pragmatic Politeness Strategy…………....................6 4. Business English Euphemism and expression……………….......…..
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Politeness is certainly valued amongst all cultures; however what it means to be polite varies from culture to culture. What may be considered as a common act of politeness in one society may be completely foreign and unheard of in another. Politeness is usually conveyed through verbal communication; however even the morphological structure of a sentence can often express politeness. This essay will discuss how various linguistic devices and the use of politeness in particular interactions differs
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Redressive Language Politeness Strategy At our Group meeting in March‚ XYZ’s leadership team outlined our strategy to become the world’s leading international air cargo company. (line 2-3) Positive‚ Intensify interest to hearer This means we have to become a company that is easier for our customers to do business with and where it is easier for you to work. (line 4-5) Positive‚ Give reason We‚ our (line 4) Positive‚ Use in-group identity markers For all of XYZ’s many strengths as an organization
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Arabic versus English writing systems Arabic writing is from right to left‚ whereas the English writing system follows the rule of writing from left to right. Another feature is that Arabic can be written only in cursive form‚ whereas English can be written in both cursive and unconnected print forms. As discussed above‚ the diacritics play an important role in Arabic and this differentiates it from English‚ where such marks are a minor feature in reading (Sampson‚ 1985). Similarly‚ the variation
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