Information About Republic of South Africa
Chapter 09 Presentations - Report Writing
The experimental research method (“Cause and effect relationship”) - This is a systematic and scientific approach to research in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables, controls and measures any change in other variables.
Quasi-experiment (similar to experimental method, but lack some internal validity) Quasi-experimental design involves selecting groups, upon which a variable is tested, without any random pre-selection processes. For example, to perform an educational experiment, a class might be arbitrarily divided by alphabetical selection or by seating arrangement. The division is often convenient and, especially in an educational environment.
Ex Post Facto Design (“After the fact”)- Ex post facto design is a non-experimental research technique in which preexisting groups are compared on some dependent variable, it is a type of study that can masquerade as a genuine experiment. The assignment of participants to the levels of the independent variable is based on events that occurred in the past, this is where the name is derived from. Experimental Research is often used where:
1. There is time priority in a causal relationship (cause precedes effect)
2. There is consistency in a causal relationship (a cause will always lead to the same effect) Importance of Control Group
Positive Control – Constants / Consistency
Negative Control – Base line / Neutral
Control groups are important because if a researcher doesn’t have them he or she cannot tell if the test is effective or not. For example. if testing a new medication on mice and have three different levels (doses) and all of the mice get better, the researcher still cannot say that the decreased symptoms is due to the medication because there is no control group. The control group in this particular example would
The experimental research method (“Cause and effect relationship”) - This is a systematic and scientific approach to research in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables, controls and measures any change in other variables.
Quasi-experiment (similar to experimental method, but lack some internal validity) Quasi-experimental design involves selecting groups, upon which a variable is tested, without any random pre-selection processes. For example, to perform an educational experiment, a class might be arbitrarily divided by alphabetical selection or by seating arrangement. The division is often convenient and, especially in an educational environment.
Ex Post Facto Design (“After the fact”)- Ex post facto design is a non-experimental research technique in which preexisting groups are compared on some dependent variable, it is a type of study that can masquerade as a genuine experiment. The assignment of participants to the levels of the independent variable is based on events that occurred in the past, this is where the name is derived from. Experimental Research is often used where:
1. There is time priority in a causal relationship (cause precedes effect)
2. There is consistency in a causal relationship (a cause will always lead to the same effect) Importance of Control Group
Positive Control – Constants / Consistency
Negative Control – Base line / Neutral
Control groups are important because if a researcher doesn’t have them he or she cannot tell if the test is effective or not. For example. if testing a new medication on mice and have three different levels (doses) and all of the mice get better, the researcher still cannot say that the decreased symptoms is due to the medication because there is no control group. The control group in this particular example would