“Enzyme X is a highly pigmented protein that imparts the characteristic color to certain blue-green algae. It also facilitates a reaction necessary to the survival of this species; we can follow the kinetics of this reaction by measuring the conversion of Substance X to Substance Y at various times during purification.” Techniques and methodologies for extracting the proteins and purifying Enzyme X are as follows: The blue-green tinted proteins in Enzyme X give a distinct color to algae. The proteins
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(Hydrolysis) and this process is aided by Enzymes. Enzymes are biological‚ process catalysing Proteins which massively speed up the breaking down of compound molecules into micromolecules to allow nutritional absorption. All digestive Enzymes are Hydrolytic‚ i.e.‚ a water molecule is added to allow compound molecular breakdown and separation. All Enzymes have a unique shape to their ‘active site’ allowing only the target substrate to bond for biological processing. Enzymes have optimum operating requirements
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1.7 Factors that affect the activity of an enzyme It is important when working with enzymes to understand basic enzymatic theory behind them when selecting conditions to measure the activity of the enzymes. The factors that are known to affect the concentration of enzymes are temperature‚ pH‚ concentration of enzyme‚ concentration of substrate‚ buffer type and concentration‚ the presence of any inhibitors and cofactors (Worthington-biochem.com). 1.7.1. Temperature With most catalysed reactions‚
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on Enzyme Activity Rate Abstract The reaction rate of an enzyme can be affected by many factors‚ and the purpose of this experiment was to find out how an increasing substrate concentration influences the rate of an enzyme activity; we obtained data from recording the absorbance of the samples which contain the same amount of potato juice (enzyme oxidase) and different amount of catechol (substrate) while holding pH and temperature constant. Our findings illustrate that the rate of enzyme activity
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Environment Can Effect Enzymes Introduction: In a chemical reaction there sometimes can be a catalyst present known as an enzyme. An enzyme is a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the amount of activation energy required to start the reaction. By lowering the activation energy‚ more of the substrate is able to participate in the reaction‚ speeding it up. Enzymes are substrate specific. The substrate is what the enzyme bonds to. That is to say that enzyme A will only react with
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on rate of an enzyme reaction. Enzymes are biological catalysts that lower a reactions activation energy making possible many of the reactions needed for life to exist. Enzymes have a high specificity which have been explained by many theories such as Fischer’s lock and key. Currently the most widely accepted theory is the induced fit hypothesis proposed by Koshland in 1958. This hypothesis solves some of the problems with the Lock and key theory and helps to explain why enzymes only catalyze
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/ˈrɛnɨt/) is a complex of enzymes produced in any mammalian stomach‚ and is often used in the production of cheese. Rennet contains many enzymes‚ including a proteolytic enzyme (protease) that coagulates the milk‚ causing it to separate into solids (curds) and liquid (whey). They are also very important in the stomach of young mammals as they digest their mothers ’ milk. The active enzyme in rennet is called chymosin or rennin (EC 3.4.23.4) but there are also other important enzymes in it‚ e.g.‚ pepsin
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During the process of helicase breaking the hydrogen bonds between the two strands of the double helix structure of DNA where it forms a replication fork‚ Gyrase releases the tension in the strands by relieving twist at swivel points. The enzyme RNA polymerase (or primase) makes a piece of a RNA which is called a primer) against to the exposed DNA. Then DNA polymerase causes free nucleotides (from digested food) to bond to the exposed DNA bases adjacent to the primer and so form a new side
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Enzymes are protein‚ they are used to catalyse metabolisms in all organisms. They break down complex molecules and build up complex molecules from simple molecules‚ these two processes are catabolic reaction and anabolic reaction respectively. Enzymes are needed in these two processes to catalyse releasing and taking up ATP molecules. Different sequence of amino acid produces different structure of protein‚ which determines the property of protein‚ thus each kind of enzymes has its unique active
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Task 1: Introduction In this task I will investigate how the enzyme lactase breaks down the disaccharide lactose into monosaccharides‚ which are glucose and galactose. The main aim will be to get lactose – free milk as milk contains lactose. When we drink milk we need lactase (enzyme) to break down the lactose‚ which is contained by the milk. Once I have created my own method of enzyme immobilisation of lactose using lactase I will then construct a bioreactor. I have looked at and researched
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