the metabolism of carbs‚ protein‚ and fat. Because they are attempting to rid the body of excess glucose‚ the kidneys excrete the glucose along with water and electrolytes (esp. sodium and potassium). The fatty acids are converted into ketone bodies by the liver. Ketone bodies are acidic; their accumulation in the circulation due to lack of insulin leads to metabolic acidosis. 2. What are the commonly seen blood glucose levels? 300-800 mg/dL but some can get as high as 1‚000 mg/dL 3. What fluid and
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UNIVERSITY OF THE GAMBIA LECTURE NOTES COURSE: PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY II (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) CODE: CHM 161 2ND SEMESTER SESSION: 2012/2013 LECTURER: ANTHONY F. ADJIVON UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION Organic chemistry started as the chemistry of life‚ when that was thought to be different from the chemistry in the laboratory. Then it became the chemistry of carbon compounds‚ especially those found in coal. Now it is both. It is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon along with other elements
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Topic Acid-Base Theory (Unit 1) Acid-Base Theory (Unit 2) Isomerism (Unit 1) Isomerism (Unit 2) Nomenclature Reaction Mechanism (Unit 1) - Introduction to Mechanism Reaction Mechanism (Unit 2) - Nucleophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 3) - Nucleophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 4) - Nucleophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 5) - Nucleophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 6) - Nucleophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 7) - Elimination Reaction Mechanism
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Chapter 2 21. An amino acid having the constitution shown has been isolated from horse chestnuts. It is configurationally related to L-proline and has the R configuration at C-3. Write a stereochemically correct representation for this compound. The addition of carbene by the cuprous chloride catalyzed the decomposition of diazomethane to 3‚4-dehydro-l-proline‚ which led to a combination of cis-3‚4-methylene-l-proline and trans-3‚4-methylene-l-proline in a proportion of 1:3.5. In addition‚ the
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The Michael addition is a reaction named after Arthur Michael. Discovered in 1887‚ this is a carbon-carbon bond making reaction. The result of the Michael addition is a 1‚4 addition of a nucleophile to an alpha‚ beta-unsaturated carbonyl carbon compound. A 1‚4 addition is also commonly referred to as a conjugated addition. Another result of this reaction is a 1‚2 addition of a nucleophile. Some of the common attacking nucleophiles used in this reaction are enolates. Enolates‚ a negatively charged
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The Laboratory Diagnosis and management of Diabetic Coma Diabetes is any disorder of the metabolism which causes excessive thirst and the production of large volumes of urine. A coma is a state of unrousable unconsciousness. (Martin (2002)) There are two types of diabetes: Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is a rare metabolic disorder‚ the symptoms of which are the production of large quantities of dilute urine and an increased thirst. It is caused by a deficiency of the pituitary hormone Anti-diuretic
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glucose levels that result from the body not being able to produce enough insulin or use the insulin effectively. So therefore the glucose will be present in the urine. Lipids or fats‚ are long term energy for the body‚ when broken down they make ketone. They get passed in urine as well. Excess lipids in the urine can be the sign of a very serious condition. Protein is used in the body in an enormous amount of ways. As a result‚ proteins usually aren’t found in the urine‚ and when they are‚ your
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Such peaks include multiple variable peaks ranging from 1200-1300cm-1 that show a Csp2-O oxygen bond that can be inferred for the ether functional group. Additional characteristic peaks include peaks ranging from 1680-1750cm-1 that represents a ketone functional group is present‚ and a broad sharp peak ranging from 3200-3559cm-1 which is indicative of concentrated alcohols and phenols. This is‚ however‚ not supported by the NMR spectra‚ and hence suggests the presence of impurities‚ especially
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Keyword: pop up camper roof rebuild Length: 1000 words Type: How to How to Do a Pop Up Camper Roof Rebuild Camping is one of the best activities anyone can do‚ may it be with family‚ friends‚ workmates‚ or even alone. What makes it great is how you can also camp with your car‚ as there are now pop up campers that can be installed to your pickup truck or RV‚ making it a more comfortable way to camp. But sometimes‚ the roof may end up being faulty‚ eventually breaking. If that’s the case‚ then
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aldehyde and ketone etc. In laboratory‚ an important method of synthesizing alcohol is though the addition reaction of Gridnard reagent and carbonyl compound‚ whereas aldehyde is the most reactive and then to ketone or ester. Primary alcohol is produced through reaction between Gridnard reagent and formaldehyde or ethylene oxide or alcohol halide; secondary alcohol is produced using Gridnard reagent and aldehyde or carboxylate; while tertiary alcohol is produced using Gridnard reagent and ketone‚ ester
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