Appendix APPENDIX 1 Chemical tests for functional groups Homologous series/ Typical compound Functional group(s) Alkanes CH3CH3 ethane C – C and C–H Alkenes CH2 = CH2 ethene C=C Chemical tests/Observations Add liquid bromine in ultraviolet light (or sunlight): White fumes of HBr liberated; decolourisation of bromine occurs slowly (a) Add Br2 in CCl4 at room temperature: Decolourisation of bromine occurs immediately CH2 = CH2 + Br2 → CH2BrCH2Br (b) Add acidified
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Diabetic ketonacidoses can also occur in people with type 2 diabetes. This is when the cells do not get enough glucose and begin to burn fat. When the cells burn fat for energy it results in the release of waste products‚ know as ketones. High levels of ketones in the body can produce large amounts of acid‚ and if not tended to‚ will cause a person to go into a coma or can possibly be fatal. Diabetes is usually diagnosed by testing blood glucose levels. These tests tell doctors if the body
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making it possible to develop diagnostic reactions to test for their presence in an organic molecule. Common functional groups found in organic molecules are listed below: * Alkene * Primary alcohol * Tertiary alcohol * Aldehyde * Ketone * Carboxylic acid * Ester * Halogen alkane * Phenol Alkene In organic chemistry‚ an alkene is an unsaturated chemical compound. This means it contains a carbon – carbon bond. All alkenes are hydrocarbons‚ (a molecule made of carbon
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2006 Abstract: The reaction being studied is a reduction of a ketone into an alcohol with a chiral center. Because a biological agent‚ bakers ’ yeast‚ is being used to drive this reaction‚ the optical purity that results in the product is so stereo-selective that the major product‚ (+)‚ is formed for 89% of the product. Introduction: This experiment was preformed to study the chiral selectivity of the reduction of the ketone portion of Ethyl acetate to a secondary alcohol. This reaction was
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C-C triple bond Alcohol: characterized by the hydroxy‚ –OH group. It is a very important group in monosaccharides (carbohydrates). C C Ketone: defined by a carbon double bound to an oxygen (different than an aldehyde because it can only be found in the inside of a molecular chain- the carbon does not have to be attached to a hydrogen). Ketones‚ aldehydes‚ and carboxylic acids contain the carbonyl functional group: C double bound to O. Alkyl Halide: haloalkane‚ replace X in the drawing
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Abstract Tamoxifen‚ most commonly sold under the brand name Nolvadex‚ is the most widely used drug in the treatment of breast cancer during both early and late stages. It belongs to a class of drugs known as SERMs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators). SERMs work by blocking the estrogen receptors in breast cells to prevent any binding with estrogen. It is consumed orally as a tablet or as a liquid (Anon.‚ 2017). The following paper discusses the discovery of Tamoxifen‚ its laboratory synthesis
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Urine Analysis Lab Report Objectives: To learn what tests can analyze a person’s urine and what they find Chem – 9 Test Specific Density Microscope Analysis of Urine To analyze a urine sample Examine presence of normal/abnormal elements Use urine sample to find specific gravity‚ pH‚ and chemical parts To have a better understanding of filtration‚ reabsorption‚ and secretion‚ and see how they affect urine production. Background: There is a lot of importance that comes with testing urine. Many different
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Patients with diabetes need to understand what diabetes is. Patients who understand what diabetes is and the complicated process associated with the disease are more likely to comply with the prescribed regimen. Diabetes Mellitus is a syndrome with disordered metabolism and inappropriate hyperglycemia due to either a deficiency of insulin secretion or to a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion to compensate (Davis‚ 2001). Diabetes is a chronic progressive disease that
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Inference Unknown Sample Lucas Reagent No insoluble layer formed Not a tertiary alcohol Test for Phenol: Ferric Chloride Test Sample Treatment Observation Inference Unknown Sample Ferric Chloride + Heat No color change Maybe a phenol Test for Ketone: Iodoform Test Sample Treatment Observation
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If the patient has hypoglycaemia from too much insulin‚ the body will not produce ketones. Other laboratory studies can include checking electrolyte levels including calcium and magnesium. A complete blood count as well as tests for blood cultures‚ cortisol levels‚ thyroid hormone levels and C-peptide levels. b) What is happening to Derek
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