amino acids rather than glucose. In times of dietary oversupply‚ the nitrogen of amino acids is eliminated via transamination‚ deamination‚ and urea formation and the carbon skeletons are generally used to feed into carbohydrate metabolism. These ketone bodies have a great propensity to decrease urinary pH. Acid base balance in the body is therefore disrupted. Glomerular filtration rate will be increased and a decrease in renal tubular reabsorption of calcium resulting in calcium
Premium Nutrition Bone Obesity
Lab 5 Oxidation of an alcohol CHM2123 Introduction: Oxidation is a key reaction in organic chemistry. Oxidation of an alcohol can produce aldehydes‚ ketones‚ or carboxylic acids. One of the methods of oxidation is an aldol reaction through carbon-carbon bonds. The oxidation oxidizes primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols oxidizes ketones. Tertiary alcohols are converted to the common oxidizing agents. Scheme 5.1: Aldehydes can be oxidized easily to carboxylic acids in aqueous medias
Premium Alcohol
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS INTRODUCTION Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a very serious complication of diabetes mellitus‚ a metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia‚ metabolic acidosis‚ and increased body ketone concentrations. The most common causes of DKA are infection and poor compliance with medication regimens. Other causes include undiagnosed diabetes‚ alcohol abuse‚ and a multitude of medical conditions such as cerebrovascular accident (CVA)‚ complicated pregnancy‚ myocardial
Premium Diabetes mellitus Blood sugar Insulin
H C-H sp2 > C-H sp3 Callam 2/8 CHEM – 254 – WI -2009 2. What major IR absorptions are present above 1500 cm-1 for each compound? a. b. O sp3 C-H stretch 2950 C=O - ketone 1715 cm-1 cm-1 c. O sp3 C-H stretch 2950 cm-1 sp3 C-H stretch 2950 cm-1 sp2 C-H stretch 3100 cm-1 C=O - ketone 1715 cm-1 C=C alkene 1680 cm-1 O O d. e. f. OH sp3 C-H stretch 2950 sp C-H stretch 3310 cm-1 CC alkyne stretch 2220 cm-1 cm-1 sp2 C-H stretch 3100 cm-1 sp3 C-H stretch 2950
Premium Oxygen Atom Molecule
electronegative atom with a more electronegative atom; replace a bond to hydrogen with a bond to oxygen; or replacing a single bond with a double bond by the loss of hydrogen. Oxidations are very convenient when trying to synthesize an aldehyde or ketone for this reason. Since there is less electron density around a reactive carbon center‚ the oxidation n of the carbon will be more positive. Usually a more electronegative atom such as a halogen‚ nitrogen‚ or oxygen replaces hydrogen bonded to the
Premium
IR absorption band around 1260 – 1000 cm-1 (due to the C-O bond) that would not be present in the IR spectrum of camphor.1 Conversely‚ camphor would produce an IR absorption band around 1760 – 1670 cm-1 (due to the Carbon-Oxygen double bond of the ketone group) that would not be present in the IR spectrum of isoborneol.1 By identifying the absence of the C-O absorbance band and the presence of the Carbon-Oxygen double bond absorbance band in an NMR spectrum‚ I would be able to conclude that isoborneol
Premium Oxygen Chemistry Alcohol
Name: Professor`s name: Course number: Date: Metabolic Pathways of Drugs The principal site for drug metabolism in the human body is the liver organ. The process of metabolism usually inactivates drugs though some drug metabolites are pharmacologically in active status. Inactive substance which has a metabolite that is active is referred to as a prodrug. Drugs are metabolized
Premium Metabolism Carbon Carbon dioxide
Lipids Biochemistry November 13‚ 2013 Lipids Lipids are families of biomolecules including fats and oils‚ waxes‚ steroids ‚ cholesterol and fat soluble vitamins. All lipids are naturally occurring compounds varying greatly in structure but share the common feature of being soluble in non polar solvents such as chloroform and ether but not in water. Lipids consist mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by non polar covalent
Premium Fatty acid Unsaturated fat Nutrition
Laboratory findings Serum Glucose > 300 mg/dl Osmolality variable Serum Ketones positive at 1:2 dilution Serum PH < 7.35 Serum hco3 < 15 mEq/l Serum Na low‚ normal‚ or high Serum K normal: elevated with acidosis‚ Low following dehydration BUN >20 mg/dl elevated because of dehydration Creatinine >1.5 mg/dl; elevated because of dehydration Urine Ketones Positive Diabetic Ketoacidosis Patho: a. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening
Premium Diabetes mellitus
antigens by calorie restriction Doherty ML‚ Monaghan ML‚ Bassett HF‚ Quinn PJ‚ Davis WC. 1996. Effect of dietary restriction on cell-mediated immune responses in cattle infected with Mycobacterium Franklin ST‚ Young JW‚ Nonnecke BJ. 1991. Effects of ketones‚ acetate‚ butyrate‚ and glucose on bovine lymphocyte proliferation Goff JP‚ Horst RL‚ Jardon PW‚ Borelli C‚ Wedam J. 1996. Field trials of an oral calcium propionate paste as an aid to prevent milk fever in periparturient dairy cows Gregory R‚ McElveen
Premium Immune system Milk