1. The benefits of breastfeeding for the infant it provides the appropriate composition and balance of nutrients with high biovailability‚ provides hormones that promote physiological development‚ improves cognitive development‚ protects against a variety of infections‚ may protect against same chronic diseases such as diabetes (both types)‚obesity‚ asthma later in life‚ and protects against food allergies. For the mother it contracts the uterus‚ delays the return of regular ovulation‚ conserves
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Test 1 1. Polypeptide starts on a free ribosome. In the first step‚ the signal sequence emerges from the ribosome and binds to the SRP‚ which stops further translocation until the SRP-ribosome-nascent chain complex can make contact with the ER membrane. The SRP-ribosome then binds to an SRP receptor within the ER membrane during step 2. In the third step SRP is released and the association of the ribosome with a translocon of the ER membrane occurs. These latter events are accompanied by the reciprocal
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Maintaining a Balance Enzymes 1.1 Identify the role of enzymes in metabolism‚ describe their chemical composition and use a simple model to describe their specificity on substrates Enzymes are biological catalysts‚ meaning they are organic and speed up a chemical reaction without taking part in it. This means it has a vital role in metabolism where it ensures that the chemical reactions that make up metabolism can function fast enough to sustain life by lowering activation energy. Metabolism
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Molecules of Life 4 Critical large Molecules- 1.) Carbohydrates 2.)Lipids 3.)Proteins 4.) Nucleic Acids -On the molecular scale‚ members of three of these classes--- Carbohydrates‚proteins‚ and nucleic acids--- are huge and therefore called Macromolecules. - Architecture of a large biological molecule helps explain how that molecule works. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Macromolecules
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10.1.3 CROSSING OVER Outline the process of crossing over in : Meiosis 1: • Prophase I - homologous chromosomes are paired up tightly into tetrads‚ then crossing over‚ the exchange of genetic material between the DNA in these tetrads occurs‚ forming a chiasmata‚ an x-shaped structure. • Metaphase I - paired chromosomes line up along the equator of a cell‚ the metaphase plate as the spindle microtubulue apparatus pulls them. • Anaphase I - The spindle microtubules pull homologous chromosomes
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The Excretory System • Main functions of the excretory system are: o to concentrate wastes and expel them from the body o to regulate fluids and water within the body • Most metabolic wastes and toxins are dissolved in the body’s internal environment‚ so the maintenance of the body fluids is essential for keeping the body free of waste products enabling it to function properly. Excretion in Invertebrates and Non-mammaliam Vertebrates • Single celled organisms and simple multicellular
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Introduction: * Genetics are composed of five main areas: DNA replication‚ meiosis‚ reproduction‚ adaptation and evolution. The body is composed of 46 chromosomes (23 from your mother and 23 of your father). The genes are in your cells in the nucleus and some in the mitochondria. The genes are a small part of a long molecule called DNA. DNA is a double stranded molecule (sugar‚ phosphate and four different bases: Adenine‚ Thymine‚ Cytosine and Guanine). The bases in the DNA are
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What Shapes an Ecosystem? Ecosystems are made up of: * Biotic factors- all living parts of an ecosystem (plants‚ animals‚ bacteria) * Abiotic factors- all nonliving (but natural) parts of an ecosystem (soil‚ wind‚ water) These factors together (biotic and abiotic) determine which types of organisms can live in that particular ecosystem. A habitat- the place where an organism lives- includes both biotic and abiotic factors A niche includes both the habitat of an organism and its unique
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Where should the shoe-making process be shut down: step 1‚ 2‚ or 3? Homework: 1. Manage your class notes. Pay special attention to: Learning to know and use new vocabulary words. Examples of “themes” from day 1‚ such as emergent properties‚ energy‚ and structure/function‚ plus protein structure. 2. Use Chapter 8 Optional Review in Mastering Biology before noon Friday (test day). 3. Prepare for the next class. Skim the next assigned chapter. Complete the “Before
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NOTES Biology Cell is the basic structural unit of life. Cork is a substance which comes from the bark of a tree. In 1665‚ Robert Hooke made the observation of a cell through a self designed microscope. Cell is a Latin word which means ‘a little room’. Important: Cells were first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. Leeuwenhoek (1674)‚ with the improved microscope‚ discovered the free living cell in pond water for first time. Robert Brown in 1831 discovered the nucleus in the
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