Gene Expression. Totipotent Cells are undifferentiated cells‚ such as embryonic stem cells‚ that are not yet defined in their function. In animals‚ stem cells are totipotent. Plants have far more types of totipotent cells (Think of how you can make cuttings of plants‚ and grow an entirely new plant‚ given the right conditions?) Cells loose totipotency‚ as‚ with age‚ different genes are swtiched on/off. When certain genes are switched of‚ they are not translated to produce polypeptides‚ meaning
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TOPIC 6‚ 11‚ & OPTION H: HUMAN HEALTH AND PHYSIOLOGY Digestive System Includes all the structures that are concerned with bringing food into the body to provide for the needs of the body’s cells. Each cell in an organism relies on a continuous expenditure of energy. Fats‚ carbs‚ and proteins are broken down during cellular metabolism and the energy derived from them is used to make ATP. The digestive system deals with: Ingestion‚ which is the bringing of nutrients into the body. Mechanical
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Form‚ Structure and Language in the Great Gatsby A key point for the structure is how Fitzgerald has played with the chronology; Nick’s narrative starts in the present and then from about chapter 4 onwards he starts to integrate stories of Gatsby’s past‚ however these are not in chronological order either! I think that this is because Fitzgerald understands that 1) the reader cannot absorb lots of information at once‚ 2) they will not understand/believe this information until they are interested
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Aquatic Adaptation Aquatic plants - also called hydrophytic plants orhydrophytes - are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments. -One of the main problems facing submerged aquatic plants is their inability to obtain oxygen. Unlike terrestrial plants‚ these plants cannot obtain the vital gas through their stomata because they are submerged in water. -Therefore‚ the stems‚ roots‚ and leaves of submerged aquatic plants posses aerenchyma cells‚ which supply oxygen to the rest of
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Reproduction Male sperm fuses with female egg. If tdf (a gene) is present‚ then the embryo develops testes and produces testosterone. Female Reproductive system • Female baby develops if tdf is not present. • Tdf – a gene located on Y chromosome; if girl‚ then two X chromosomes‚ hence no Tdf. • Female hormones: progesterone and estrogen ( both secreted by mother’s ovaries and placenta which allow female genetilia to develop. Parts of the female reproductive system:
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Control‚ Genome and Environment Cellular Control & Variation Cellular Control (a) state that genes code for polypeptides‚ including enzymes; (b) explain the meaning of the term genetic code; The sequence of the bases on a gene is a code with instructions for the construction of proteins. It has a number of characteristics: It is a triplet code- three bases code of an amino acid It is a degenerate code- All amino acids bar one have more than one code Some codes don’t code for amino acids
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1. What are confounding variables? 2. What are experimental controls? 3. What is the difference between a scientific fact‚ law‚ and theory? 4. What are the ’norms’ of science? 5. What are the differences between the four common types of organic molecules? 6. Why do cells make ATP? 7. How can you distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells‚ and between haploid and diploid cells? What types of cells fall into these categories? 8. What is the function of cellular respiration? Where
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Genes and Genetics 1. 2. each chromosome exists as two genetically identical chromatids attached to their centromere. Each chromosome appears as two chromatids attached to a centromere. In the first meiotic division chromosomes align in homologous pairs. Points of contact form between members of the same homologous pair. The points of contact or crossing over between members of a homologous pair are the chiasmata. 3. The homologous pairs move to the equator of the cell. Equal lengths of the
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Unit1: Cell functions/ Cell division Cells Cell theory: -All living things are composed of one or more cells. -The cell is the smallest entity that retains the properties of life. -New cells arise only from cell that already exists. Structure of the cell: The outer boundary (plasma membrane) similar to a city wall It is constructed with molecules called lipids (fat and oils) The cell membrane is composed of: -Proteins and Lipids -FUNCTION: to allow molecules into and out of the
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* Fungi are Eukaryotic‚ mainly multi cellular organisms includes molds and mushrooms * fungi lack chlorophyll * they are heterotrophic and cell walls contain chitin * more closely related to animals * supergroup Unikonta categorized as opisthokonts bc of single posterior flagellum * heterotrophs‚ secrete enzymes which digest food outside the body‚ the broken down food is then absorbed by hyphae * 3 types of fungi * decomposer fungi‚ absorb nutrients
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