Ap biology notes
Molecules of Life
4 Critical large Molecules-
1.) Carbohydrates
2.)Lipids
3.)Proteins
4.) Nucleic Acids
-On the molecular scale, members of three of these classes--- Carbohydrates,proteins, and nucleic acids--- are huge and therefore called Macromolecules.
- Architecture of a large biological molecule helps explain how that molecule works.
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Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers
- Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are all chain-like molecules called Polymers
Polymer- is a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds.
Example: Much as a train consists of a chain of cars.
Monomer- A subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer
-Some molecules that serve as monomers also have other functions of their own.
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The Synthesis and Breakdown of Polymers
- Although each class of polymer is made up of a different type of monomer, the chemical mechanisms by which the cells make and break down polymers.
Enzymes- specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions.
-Monomers are connected by a reaction in which TWO molecules are covalently bonded to each other ( to my understanding, a water molecule is what bonds them together)
-^ forget about that last part that was retarded sounding and i can’t read right -_-
Dehydration Reaction- A chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
- When a bond forms between two monomers each monomer contributes part of the water molecule that is released during the reaction
- On monomer provides a hydroxyl group (-OH), while the other provides a hydrogen (-H). This reaction is
4 Critical large Molecules-
1.) Carbohydrates
2.)Lipids
3.)Proteins
4.) Nucleic Acids
-On the molecular scale, members of three of these classes--- Carbohydrates,proteins, and nucleic acids--- are huge and therefore called Macromolecules.
- Architecture of a large biological molecule helps explain how that molecule works.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers
- Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are all chain-like molecules called Polymers
Polymer- is a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds.
Example: Much as a train consists of a chain of cars.
Monomer- A subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer
-Some molecules that serve as monomers also have other functions of their own.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Synthesis and Breakdown of Polymers
- Although each class of polymer is made up of a different type of monomer, the chemical mechanisms by which the cells make and break down polymers.
Enzymes- specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions.
-Monomers are connected by a reaction in which TWO molecules are covalently bonded to each other ( to my understanding, a water molecule is what bonds them together)
-^ forget about that last part that was retarded sounding and i can’t read right -_-
Dehydration Reaction- A chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
- When a bond forms between two monomers each monomer contributes part of the water molecule that is released during the reaction
- On monomer provides a hydroxyl group (-OH), while the other provides a hydrogen (-H). This reaction is