CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PRELIMINERIES Due to highly development of chemical and biochemical industries‚ acetic acid has largely produced to fulfil the needs of world demand in production of daily used products and for pharmaceutical needs. Therefore‚ this study is carried out to introduce the production of acetic acid using biological pathways which includes the used of microorganisms. In this chapter will briefly explained on the knowledge about acetic acid and the microorganism
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Heat resistance of endospores of Bacillus pumilus Abstract Spore suspension of Bacillus pumilus was inoculated into universal bottles containing sterile distilled water in water baths at temperatures of 85°C‚ 90°C and 95°C. At specific time intervals‚ a sample was removed and spread on nutrient agar plates. The number of colonies formed was used to determine the D-value and z-value. The D-value for 85°C is 64.1 minutes‚ 25.7 minutes for 90°C and 8.2 minutes for 95°C while the z-value is 11
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animals being utilized in animal by-products and thereby to reveal when these products contained ingredients originating from animals that had died of anthrax. The thermostable antigens involved are common to other Bacillus species so the test depends on the fact that the only Bacillus likely to have proliferated within and throughout an animal depositing extensive precipitating antigens in the tissues is B. anthracis. Procedure: 1. Chop or slice the specimen into fine pieces or strips. 2
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Hand Soap Effectiveness on Escherichia Coli Abstract: Bacteria are an essential part of many different living organisms and ecosystems across the globe. Without bacteria there would have never had been life in the first place. But some bacteria have evolved to cause to humans‚ resulting in the need to eliminate them through such methods as soap. Hand soap is a crucial part of human health‚ especially in such places as schools and hospitals. In this experiment I wanted to determine the effectiveness
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The GFP‚ isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victorea‚ glows in the presence of U.V light (Sanders and Jackson‚ 2009). Materials and Methods A 250µl of a calcium chloride transformation solution ‘TS’ was added to each of two different tubes of Escherichia coli HB101 kept in an ice bucket. The tubes were marked as ‘pGLO’ and ‘control’ respectively. A 10µl of pGLO DNA sample was added to the tube marked ‘pGLO’. A 10µl of sterile water was added to the ‘control’ tube; both tubes were placed on ice for
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Escherichia coli 0157:H7 OR (E. coli) is a food born pathogen that can cause serious illness or if left untreated can cause death. One of the obvious symptoms of E. coli is bloody diarrhea although not all forms of E coli have the same symptoms. The main toxins all strains of E. coli produce are called shiga toxins‚ the toxins alone are not able to make E. coli pathogenic it needs the presence of other virulence markers. The symptoms can easily be confused with other illnesses or diseases. It starts
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Microbiology Lab ReportPractica #1BTC307LAmber AmelingmeierThursday‚ September 18‚ 2008OBJECTIVESIn this lab experiment two different types of bacteria‚ Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus‚ were grown singly and mixed on four different types of agar in order to observe the varying morphologies within the colonies. Resulting data was analyzed to provide understanding of the use of differing culture media and conditions for bacterial growth. RESULTSFour different agar types were used in this
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Nicole Reardon Biology 1520‚ Section P2 Effects of penicillin and temperature on the growth of Escherichia coli Abstract Bacteria growth is known to be either augmented or impeded by a number of various factors; in this experiment‚ our group tested how E. coli is affected by penicillin as well as how different temperatures can affect bacteria growth. We know that antibiotics are generally specialized against certain types of bacteria—more specifically‚ some are most effective against Gram-negative
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Escherichia coli is a rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family‚ which owns the usual flora and can be be as pathogenic Human IN DUE can be cause diarrhea. The rational NOT USE ON antibiotics Infectious diseases can be causing the occurrence of resistance so that the necessary alternative to using Active Ingredients antimicrobial From medicinal plants. Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) It is a prayer One Crop Growing in Indonesia That can be used as a medicinal plant. BECAUSE
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Unusual features of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli O104: H4 outbreak‚ Germany 2011 The Escherichia coli O104: H4 outbreak of 2011 originated in northern Germany and lasted from May through to June of the same year. “The outbreak was characterized by several unusual features: a high incidence in adults (especially women)‚ a greatly increased incidence of the haemolytic–Uraemic syndrome (in approximately 25% of patients‚ as compared with 1 to 15% in previous outbreaks of Shiga-toxin–producing
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