The Product Life Cycle Concept

Computer-Aided Design 37 (2005) 1399–1411 www.elsevier.com/locate/cad

A product information modeling framework for product lifecycle management
R. Sudarsan*, S.J. Fenves, R.D. Sriram, F. Wang
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division, Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA Accepted 2 February 2005

Abstract The Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) concept holds the promise of seamlessly integrating all the information produced throughout all phases of a product’s life cycle to everyone in an organization at every managerial and technical level, along with key suppliers and customers. PLM systems are tools that implement the PLM concept. As such, they need the capability to serve up the information referred to above, and they need to ensure the cohesion and traceability of product data. We describe a product information-modeling framework that we believe can support the full range of PLM information needs. The framework is based on the NIST Core Product Model (CPM) and its extensions, the Open Assembly Model (OAM), the Design-Analysis Integration model (DAIM) and the Product Family Evolution Model (PFEM). These are abstract models with general semantics, with the specific semantics about a particular domain to be embedded within the usage of the models for that domain. CPM represents the product’s function, form and behavior, its physical and functional decompositions, and the relationships among these concepts. An extension of CPM provides a way to associate design rationale with the product. OAM defines a system level conceptual model and the associated hierarchical assembly relationships. DAIM defines a Master Model of the product and a series of abstractions called Functional Models—one for each domain-specific aspect of the product—and two transformations, called idealization and mapping, between the master model and each functional model. PFEM extends the representation to families of

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[18] ISO TC 194/SC4, Official TC184/SC4 Web Site, http://www.tc184sc4.org/2003. Sudarsan Rachuri is a Research Professor with the Department of Engineering Management, George Washington University, Washington DC. He is a Guest Researcher in the Design and Process Group, Manufacturing Systems Integration Division, National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD. Presently, his work at NIST includes development of information models for product lifecycle management, assembly models and system level tolerancing, and standards development. He coordinates research projects with industry and academia. He closely works with various standard bodies including ISO TC 184/SC4. He is a member of ASME Y14.5.1 and Advisory Group Member for ISO/TC 213/AG12, Mathematical Support for GPS. He is the regional editor (North America) for the International Journal of Product Development, and associate editor for International Journal of Product Lifecycle Management. His areas of interest include scientific computing, mathematical modeling, product lifecycle management, ontology modeling, system level tolerancing, quality, object oriented modeling, and knowledge engineering. Rachuri Sudarsan received the MS and PhD degrees from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Steven J. Fenves is University Professor Emeritus of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University and is a Guest Researcher at NIST. He received his degrees in Civil Engineering from the University of Illinois and has taught at the University of Illinois, Carnegie Mellon, MIT, National University of Mexico, Cornell and Stanford. His research deals with computer-aided engineering, design standards, engineering databases, and structural analysis and design environments. He is the author of six books and over 300 articles and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and an Honorary Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers. R. Sudarsan et al. / Computer-Aided Design 37 (2005) 1399–1411 Ram D. Sriram, Senior Member IEEE is currently leading the Design and Process group in the Manufacturing Systems Integration Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, where he conducts research on standards for interoperability of computeraided design systems and on healthcare informatics. Prior to that he was on the engineering faculty (1986–1994) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and was instrumental in setting up the Intelligent Engineering Systems Laboratory. At MIT, Sriram initiated the MIT-DICE project, which was one of the pioneering projects in collaborative engineering. Sriram has co-authored or authored more than 175 papers, books, and reports in computer-aided engineering, including thirteen books. Sriram was a founding co-editor of the International Journal for AI in Engineering. In 1989, he was awarded a Presidential Young Investigators Award from the National Science Foundation, USA. Sriram has a BS from IIT, Madras, India, and an MS and a PhD from Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA. 1411 Fujun Wang has worked on the research and development of collaborative design for 10 years. He is now working as a system engineer at the Shared Service Group, the Boeing company. Before joining Boeing, he had worked as a guest researcher for 4 years at the Manufacturing Systems Integration Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Dr Wang had worked at the Automation and Robotics Research Institute, University of Texas at Arlington, and the Key Center of Design Computing, University of Sydney, Australia during 1998 to 2000. Dr Wang received his PhD from the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China, in 1997.