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Job Satisfaction

Topics: Job satisfaction, Social psychology, All rights reserved Pages: 16 (2123 words) Published: March 5, 2013
Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

©  HJ Lin in‐class Material  All rights reserved.

3‐0

Attitudes
 Attitude: “a learned predisposition to respond in a
consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with
respect to a given object”
gi
 Attitude object: physical objects, issues, ideas, events, people, places

©  HJ Lin in‐class Material  All rights reserved.

3‐1

Attitudes
Evaluative statements or judgments concerning
objects, people, or events.
Three components of an attitude:
Affective
Cognitive

The opinion or
belief segment of
an
an attitude

Behavioral

Attitude
Attitude
©  HJ Lin in‐class Material  All rights reserved.

The emotional or
feeling segment of
an attitude
ttit

An intention to behave
in a certain way toward
someone or something
3‐2

Three components of an attitude
 Cognitive =Evaluation
 Cognitive: perceptions and beliefs about an attitude object

 My supervisor promoted a coworker whose performance was worse than me. He is unfair.
 Give me some reasons to accept him/her
 Affective =Feeling
 Affective: feelings about an attitude object

 I dislike my supervisor
 I just don’t like him/her
 Behavioral =Action
 Behavioral intentions: how the person wants to behave and what a person says about an attitude object

 I am looking for another job; I’ll present my complaints about my supervisor to anyone who would like to listen.
 I don’t want him/her as my team member.
hi
3‐3

Attitudes formation
 Affected by the person’s beliefs about an object and
the amount and type of information the person has
about the object
 Perceives positive attributes: develops positive attitude  Perceives negative attributes: develops negative attitude

3‐4

Attitudes change
 Attitude change
 Something persuades the person to shift his or her
attitudes (persuasive communication)
 Norms of a social group can affect a person’s
attitude (social norms)
 Person becomes uncomfortable with some aspects of
her or his beliefs (cognitive dissonance)

3‐5

Persuasive
Persuasive communication





Advertising
Tries to change cognitive part of attitude
Assumes affective part will also change
Attitude change process
 Win target’s attention
 Understand message
 Accept the influence
 Remember the message

3‐6

Social
Social influence
 People are embedded in social groups
 Feel pressures to conform to norms
 If person values membership in group, likely will align attitudes with the group norms

3‐7

Cognitive
Cognitive dissonance
 Cognitive Dissonance: Any incompatibility between
Di
two or more attitudes or between behavior and
attitudes
 Hold multiple beliefs or cognitions about an attitude object  Feel tension when discrepancies develop
 Motivated to reduce the tension
th
 Change one or more cognitions
 Other parts of attitude also change

3‐8

Why are there incompatibilities between attitudes, and
between attitudes and behaviors
 Attitudes depend largely on situations.
 Reasons for incompatibilities (Take consumer behavior
as an example!)
Insufficient involvements
Insufficient feasibility
Insufficient direct experiences
Market changes

3‐9

How do you deal with the incompatibilities between
attitudes and
attitudes, and between attitudes and behaviors ?
 People sometimes change what they say so it does not contradict what they do.
 Individuals seek to reduce this uncomfortable gap, or dissonance, to or
reach stability and consistency
 Consistency is achieved by changing the attitudes, modifying the behaviors, or through rationalization
 Desire to reduce dissonance depends on:
 Importance of elements creating dissonance
 Degree of individual influence over elements
 Rewards involved in dissonance
 許多人不離婚是看在孩子的份上；許多人不離職是看在錢的份上

 Moderating factors suggest that individuals will not necessarily move to reduce dissonance
3‐10

Does Behavior Always...
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