History and current thinking of management
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
CH.2
Managing: History and
Current Thinking
3 BASIC APPROACHES TO
MANAGEMENT:
Classical Approach
Behavioral Approach
Management Science Approach
OTHER APPROACHES:
The Contingency Approach
The Systems Approach
THE CLASSICAL APPROACH
THE CLASSICAL APPROACH
Pioneers of Management Study
“recommends that managers continually strive to increase organizational efficiency to increase production” Find the ‘one best way’
Lower-level analysis: done by studying the jobs of workers at the lower levels of organization, how the task situation can be structured to get the highest production from workers.
Comprehensive Analysis: studying the management function as a whole.
FREDERICK W. TAYLOR
Gave the concept of ‘Scientific Management’ – increase worker efficiency by scientifically designing jobs, his basic premise was that every job had one best way to do it and that this way should be discovered and put into operation.
Bethlehem steel Co.
Assumption that any workers work could be reduced to a science
Astounding results and increase in efficiency and production Pioneered the Piece-Rate System
GILBRETHS:
‘Motion Study’ – reducing each job to the most basic movements possible
Each movement/motion is studied to determine how much time the movement takes and how necessary it is to performing the job
Inefficient/unnecessary movements are eliminated
HENRY L.GANTT:
Interested in increasing worker efficiency
Current tasks and piece rates were set according to what had been done in the past, or on somebody’s OPINION of what workers should do.
This led to inefficient tasks and unsatisfactory piece rates
Gantt said this OPINION should be substituted by EXACT SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
Sought to improve systems/organizations through task-scheduling innovation and the rewarding of innovation
Gantt Charts: Still the
CH.2
Managing: History and
Current Thinking
3 BASIC APPROACHES TO
MANAGEMENT:
Classical Approach
Behavioral Approach
Management Science Approach
OTHER APPROACHES:
The Contingency Approach
The Systems Approach
THE CLASSICAL APPROACH
THE CLASSICAL APPROACH
Pioneers of Management Study
“recommends that managers continually strive to increase organizational efficiency to increase production” Find the ‘one best way’
Lower-level analysis: done by studying the jobs of workers at the lower levels of organization, how the task situation can be structured to get the highest production from workers.
Comprehensive Analysis: studying the management function as a whole.
FREDERICK W. TAYLOR
Gave the concept of ‘Scientific Management’ – increase worker efficiency by scientifically designing jobs, his basic premise was that every job had one best way to do it and that this way should be discovered and put into operation.
Bethlehem steel Co.
Assumption that any workers work could be reduced to a science
Astounding results and increase in efficiency and production Pioneered the Piece-Rate System
GILBRETHS:
‘Motion Study’ – reducing each job to the most basic movements possible
Each movement/motion is studied to determine how much time the movement takes and how necessary it is to performing the job
Inefficient/unnecessary movements are eliminated
HENRY L.GANTT:
Interested in increasing worker efficiency
Current tasks and piece rates were set according to what had been done in the past, or on somebody’s OPINION of what workers should do.
This led to inefficient tasks and unsatisfactory piece rates
Gantt said this OPINION should be substituted by EXACT SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
Sought to improve systems/organizations through task-scheduling innovation and the rewarding of innovation
Gantt Charts: Still the