standard of known purity‚ the sodium carbonate. Standardization is the process in which the concentration of solution is accurately determined. A sample of sodium carbonate with 99.9% purity was dissolved in boiled water and titrated with HCl. Then‚ a sample of soda ash was dissolved in boiled water and then‚ titrated. In a this reaction of HCl with carbonate‚ the following reactions will take place: CO32- + H+ → HCO3- (2) HCO3- + H+ ← H2CO3 (3) Carbonate ion in aquaeous solutions act
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Neutralization Titrations: The Determination of Sodium Carbonate from Unknown Soda Ash Unknown # I. Purpose: The goal of this experiment is to determine the weight % of Na2CO3 through the preparation of NaOH and HCl standards. The molarity of the standards will be found through titration of KHP for NaOH‚ HCl vs the known NaOH‚ and the unknown Soda Ash sample vs the known HCl. II. Equations and Sample Calculations: Titration of HCl with NaOH: Complete Equation: HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)
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HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + HCO3(aq) Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2(aq) 2Na+ + CO32- + 2H+ + 2Cl- → 2Na+ + 2Cl- + H2O + CO2 CO32- + 2H+ → H2O(l) + CO2(g) With this reaction the carbonate and the diatomic hydrogen combined together to make the bubbling effect that we had noted. This leaves us with the water molecule with the sodium chloride dissolved in it with the carbon dioxide gas bubbles. 4. NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) Na+ + OH- + H+ + Cl- → Na+ + Cl- + H2O(l) OH- + H+ → H2O This reaction
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Title: Observation of Macroscopic Chemical Changes‚ Alice Kimbrell‚ Chemistry 101-DS01:74589‚ 5/31/2013. Purpose: In this lab‚ I will observe macroscopic changes that occur when mixing together certain chemicals and household cleaners. The mixing of the chemicals provided with each other and with acid/base indicators demonstrates how matter can change‚ and how chemistry can be seen with the naked eye. By mixing household cleaners with an acid/base indicator I hope to demonstrate how these
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ester in a clean test tube. Materials Citric acid‚ 20 mL Cornstarch‚ 20 mL Sodium bicarbonate‚ 65 mL Ester (fragrance)‚ several drops Vegetable oil‚ 30 mL 400 mL beaker Stirring rod 250 mL beaker 250 mL graduated cylinder Procedure – Making the bath bomb 1. In the large beaker‚ 20 mL of citric acid was mixed together with 20 mL of cornstarch‚ and 65 mL of sodium hydrogen carbonate. 2. In the small beaker‚ 30 mL of vegetable oil and a few drops of the ester were
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happens when cations and anions of certain aqueous solutions react and combine forming a precipitate‚ which is an insoluble ionic solid. In this precipitate reaction we dissolved both chosen chemicals (powder Calcium Chloride dihydrate and powder Sodium Carbonate) in distilled water and then mixed them together in a single beaker. Finally we filtered this mixture and let all the water evaporate leaving behind solely the precipitate. In order to determine the amounts needed of each reactant we had to use
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through limestone or chalk (calcium carbonate) it will be hard. (1) Soft water is gratification water in which the only cation (positively charged ion) is sodium. The minerals in water give it an idiosyncratic taste. Some natural mineral waters are highly desired for their flavour and the health benefits they may converse. (3) Extremely hard water affects plumbing such as pipes and the performance of certain cleaning agents. When the water is heated the carbonates precipitate out of solution‚ forming
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Assignments in Science Class X (Term II) 4 Carbon and its Compounds IMPORTANT NOTES 9. Unsaturated organic compounds : Organic compounds in which a double or a triple bond exists between two carbon atoms in a carbon chain‚ are called unsaturated organic compounds. 10. Hydrocarbons : Organic compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms are called hydrocarbons. 11. Straight chain hydrocarbons : Hydrocarbons‚ in which all the carbon atoms are linked to one another in a straight chain
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| | chicken | black | no presence of starch | Changes Questions Use what you learned in this lab to answer the following questions: A. Suppose a household product label says it contains sodium hydrogen carbonate (sodium bicarbonate). How would you test this material for the presence of sodium bicarbonate? B. You know what color phenolphthalein and bromothymol blue turn when testing an acid or a base. Use the empty pipet in the Auxiliary Supplies Bag to test several (at least 3) household
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Salts Nitrate salts Carbonate salts Chloride salts Soluble All nitrate salts Potassium carbonate‚ K2CO3 Ammonium carbonate‚ (NH4)2CO3 Sodium carbonate‚ Na2CO3 All chloride salts Except Sulphate salts All sulphate salts Except 2. Preparation and purification of soluble salts Lead (II) chloride‚ PbCl2 Silver chloride‚ AgCl Mercury Chloride‚ HgCl Lead (II) sulphate‚ PbSO4 Barium sulphate‚ BaSO4 Cacium sulphate‚ CaSO4 Persatuan Bahasa Cina Pb Ag Hg P A S All other carbonate salts Insoluble i
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