Biology 101 FINAL EXAMINATION Spring‚ 2013 Name: Gabriel Euzebio Date: May 10‚ 2013 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: This final exam is worth 100 points. There are three sections. The Multiple Choice section has 50 questions worth 1 point each‚ for a total of 50 points. The Fill-In The Blanks section has 10 questions worth 1 point each‚ for a total of 10 points. For the Short Answer section‚ you must choose to answer 8 of the 12 questions‚ and each question is worth 5 points‚ for a total
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also known as a virion‚ is essentially a nucleic acid ( HYPERLINK "http://biology.about.com/od/geneticsglossary/g/DNA.htm"DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein shell or coat. Viruses are extremely small‚ approximately 15 - 25 nanometers in diameter. Viruses: Genetic Material Viruses may have double-stranded DNA‚ double-stranded RNA‚ single-stranded DNA or single-stranded RNA. The type of genetic material found in a particular virus depends on the nature and function of the specific virus. The genetic
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Control The virus then releases its genetic material (either single- or double-stranded RNA or DNA) into the cell. In doing this‚ the cell is infected and can also be targeted by the immune system. This relation is called master-slave relation. Biosynthesis The virus’ nucleic acid uses the host cell’s machinery to make large amounts of viral components. For DNA viruses‚ the DNA transcribes itself into messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules which are afterwards used to control the cell’s ribosomes. The first
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Mutations During transcription‚ the information in the DNA of a specific gene is copied into mRNA (messenger RNA)‚ which creates a nucleotide sequence. After transcription‚ if the DNA base sequence is 3’-TACCCTTTAGTAGCCACT-5’‚ then the base sequence of mRNA would be 5 ’-AUGGGAAAUCAUCGGUGA-3’. During translation‚ Ribosomal RNA combines with proteins to form a ribosome. tRNA (transfer RNA) brings individual amino acids to the ribosome‚ mRNA binds the ribosome. 3 nucleotides at a time equal 1 codon
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any activites of the cell‚ the nucleus is the control centre of the cell. Organelle: Nucleolus Structure: The nucleolus is found in the chromosomal areas of the nucelus and it is made up of proteins and RNA. Function: The function of the nucleolus is to form ribosomes by modifying ridosomal RNA‚ it is also part of the eukaroytic cells stress response which it can react to due to certain environments. Organelle: Endoplasmic reticulum Structure: There is two types of endoplasmic reticulum‚ smooth
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RABIES Abstract: Each year‚ approximately 55‚000 individuals worldwide die from an infection due to the rabies virus. Rabies is a life-threatening disease caused by an RNA virus that is usually transmitted to humans through bites from rabid animals. More recently‚ reports of transmission by means of organ transplantation have been reported. Since human rabies is nearly 100% fatal if prophylactic measures are not followed‚ an increased awareness of who should receive prophylaxis and
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A. Genetics Ribosomal 5S RNA can be represented as a sequence of 120 nucleotides. Each nucleotide can be represented by one of four characters: A (adenine)‚ G (guanine)‚ C (cytosine)‚ o U (uracil). The characters occur with different probabilities for each person. We wish to test if a new sequence is the same as ribosomal 5S RNA. For this purpose‚ we replicate the new sequence 100 times and find that there are 60 A’s in the 20th position. Use a 0.5 level of significance. 1. If the probability of
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Questions such as "How does it infect its victims?"‚ "How are Ebola victims treated?"‚ "How are Ebola outbreaks controlled?" and many others related to this deadly virus. GENERAL INFORMATION The Ebola virus is a member of the negative stranded RNA viruses known as filoviruses. There are four different strains of the Ebola virus - Zaire (EBOZ)‚ Sudan (EBOS)‚ Tai (EBOT) and Reston (EBOR). They are very similar except for small serological differences and gene sequence differences. The Reston
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Ebola genome is a single-stranded RNA approximately 19‚000 nucleotides long. It encodes seven structural proteins such as nucleoprotein‚ polymerase cofactor‚ transcription activator‚ RNA- dependent RNA polymerase. The Ebola virus is a Filovirus. These virus types cause fever or cause bleeding inside and outside the body when having a very high fever. Ebola can be further divided into subtypes that are named for the location they were identified. Ebola carries a RNA genome that are cylindrical‚ contains
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educating the presenter and crew about aspects of DNA structure. Task 1 Produce an information sheet about the structures of the nucleic acids – this will be given to members of the production crew. (must include the following nucleic acids DNA‚ RNA‚ mRNA‚ tRNA). (P1) Task 2 Produce a poster for the presenter which clearly explains the relationship between the sequence of bases in DNA and the sequence of amino acids in a protein. (M1) Task 3 Produce a flow diagram or PowerPoint presentation
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