Pg. 287 #1‚3‚4 1. Describe the structure of a nucleotide. A nucleotide is a sugar molecule that has 3 parts including a simple sugar‚ a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. Nucleotides join together forming long chains‚ with the phosphate group of nucleotide bonding to the deoxyribose sugar of an adjacent nucleotide. 3. Explain why the structure of a DNA molecule is often described as a zipper. The structure of a DNA molecule is often described as a zipper because it is made of tow chains
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spontaneous on/off element by a single promoter‚ which is dependent on the DNA binding protein araC. This protein is at the binding site for RNA polymerase at the beginning of the operon‚ so when arabinose is present (like in one of the experimental plates)‚ it is taken up by bacteria and interacts with araC to cause a conformational change. This change ultimately helps RNA polymerase bind and transcribe the GFP gene. After translation‚ the green fluorescent protein and beta-lactamase are produced‚ which
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“Every aspet of an organism is determined or influenced by the genes of the organism” What genes are‚ what they do‚ how they interact with eachother and the enviroment to generate a phenotype. Genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins or RNA molecules. These genes are the genetic material that is passed down from generation to generation in all species. The individual DNA segments each individual carries are known as their alleles or genotype. When two alleles are identical they are homozygous
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primary structure of a polypeptide? mRNA tRNA hnRNA rRNA all of these 3. The nitrogenous base found in RNA but not in DNA is adenine cytosine guanine uracil thymine 4. Transcription occurs on the surface of the ribosome is the final process in the assembly of a protein is the synthesis of any type of RNA from a DNA template
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Nucleic acids‚ DNA and RNA‚ are very important molecules in living organisms. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) are involved in the synthesis of proteins. For each of the statements (a) to (f )‚ put a cross correct statement. in the box that corresponds to the (a) DNA and RNA are polynucleotides composed of mononucleotides joined by (1) A catabolic reactions B condensation reactions C hydrolysis reactions D redox reactions (b) The mononucleotides of RNA consist of a phosphate
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following best describes a structural gene? (*) a sequence of DNA that specifies a polypeptide. (2) a sequence of DNA that produces tRNA’s. (3) a sequence of DNA that interacts with the small ribosomal subunit. (4) a sequence of DNA that is recognized by RNA polymerase. (5) a sequence of DNA that is involved in forming the structure of a double helix molecule. 3. Identify the correct sequence of steps in protein synthesis in prokaryotes: A - binding of large ribosomal subunit to initiation complex B - peptide
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CHAPT 1 - The scientific method allows the solving of problems and answering of questions. Observations Proposing ideas Testing the ideas Discarding or modifying ideas based on results Hypothesis: proposed explanation for a set of observations Hypotheses needs to be: Testable – it must be possible to examine the hypothesis through observations Falsifiable – it must be able to potentially be proven false Both logical and creative influences are used to develop a hypothesis A hypothesis
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Assignment 1 Part A: 1. a) H b) P c) P d) H e) P f) P g) H h) a and g are based on group selection 2. a) P ; P b) U ; EF c) P ; P d) U ; G e) P ; G 3. A) This is the best way to keep the species’ population from getting too large & C) This enables females to pick the best male‚ thereby improving the genetic quality of white-throated sparrows. 4. C) A comparison of identical and fraternal twins enables us to test the hypothesis that some differences among individuals
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clones * Many different human DNA fragments have been cloned * ------------------------------------------------- How do you find the one “of interest”? Nucleic Acid Hybridization * Synthesize a Nucleic Acid Probe * Single strand DNA or RNA (radioactive) * Complementary to the gene of interest * Synthesize on the base of: * Base sequence of the gene (at least part of it) * AA sequence of the protein * Denature the DNA with heat or chemicals * The probe will H-bond
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which is a double chain of sugars and phosphates that are joined by pairs of nucleic acids. These are adenine‚ guanine‚ cytosine and thymine. For replication‚ DNA is unzipped by the enzyme and it leaves a single nucleotide chain‚ which is then copied. RNA polymerase then reads the DNA strand and grabs a single stand of mRNA. This single strand leaves the nucleus and goes into the cytoplasm inside the ribosomes. Translation: tRNA brings the amino acid and anticodon which corresponds to the first (start)
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