of Shylock and our feelings for him as the play progresses 1) He is seen as a mercenary money-lender approached by Bassanio for the loan of 3000 ducats with Antonio as the guarantor. The money is to finance Bassanio on his trip to Belmont to woo Portia whom he is in love with. He keeps debating on whether he should lend the money. Even when Antonio is a “good” man meaning he is financially sound‚ yet his money is invested in goods which are in ships overseas. Therefore‚ his ventures are risky. How
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THE METAPHORIC DIMENSION OF ECONOMIC TEXTS The Translation of Economic Metaphors The paper aims at presenting the main types of the most commonly used English economic metaphors‚ focussing on the translation strategies that could be used for rendering them into Russian. Introduction. The problem of translation acquires a tremendous importance not only in fiction‚ but also in non-fictional texts‚ especially those are related to newly developed or upcoming areas of human activity‚ such as the
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Translation Theory revision Translation – The process of translation between two different languages involves the translator changing an original text (the source text – ST) in the original verbal languages (the source languages – SL) in a different verbal language (the target language – TL) S. Bassnet def: Translation is rendering of a SL text into the TL so as to ensure that: 1) the surface meaning of the two will be approximately similar‚ and 2) the structures of the SL will e preserved as
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(Process of Acquisition of Translation Competence and Evaluation) has been carrying out holistic‚ empirical-experimental research into translation competence and its acquisition in written translation. Data have been collected on both the translation process and the translation product in inverse and direct translations involving six language combinations: English‚ French and German - Spanish and Catalan. The decision to include data on both inverse and direct translation was made in order to determine
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of the political are used more often in the speech of Barack Obama‚ and what does it mean. The enabling objectives to get the research goal are the following: 1) To read and analyze the secondary sources on the research topic 2) To collect the empirical data 3) To implement the necessary research method 4) To create a table‚ showing the most frequent terms. The hypothesis is that convinced political terms are used more often in the speech of Barack Obama than other terms. The research
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lexicography in general—occupy a secondary position in Translation Studies: [...] dictionary consultation is a major component of the research phase of translation. However‚ [...] the role of dictionaries and dictionary use in this phase and‚ indeed all translation phases‚ is underestimated and even denigrated. (Roberts‚ 1997) It seems self-evident that dictionary consultation constitutes an important stage in the process of translation. Dictionaries provide translators with valuable information
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Cross-cultural Translation Studies as Thick Translation Theo Hermans (University College London) 1 Aristotle Let me begin with two specific examples. Both will have a familiar ring. I do not intend to discuss either example in any detail. They merely serve to illustrate‚ however briefly‚ the kind of problem I am trying to address. My first case concerns Aristotle‚ and more particularly John Jones’ book On Aristotle and Greek Tragedy (1962‚ 1971). In the history of readings‚ of interpretations‚
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The Grammar Translation Method The Grammar translation method‚ or classical method started when people wanted to read literature written in the target language. Its focus was on grammatical rules‚ the memorization of vocabulary and of various declensions and conjugations‚ translations of texts‚ doing written exercises. Rules of grammar‚ not the language itself‚ are all important. Verb declensions are set out tables‚ vocabulary lists to be learned‚ leading to translation from mother tongue into
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Translation Theory By T. David Gordon‚ 1985. While not everyone who drives an automobile needs to understand the theory behind the internal combustion engine‚ someone does need to know this theory. I may be able to drive my Pontiac without any knowledge of internal combustion engines‚ until the Pontiac breaks down. Then‚ I must find someone (presumably a mechanic) who does in fact know enough theory to get the Pontiac running again. The same is true of translation theory. It is not necessary for
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The Grammar - Translation Method[1] Introduction As the names of some of its leading exponents suggest (Johann Seidenstucker‚ Karl Plotz‚ H. S. Ollendorf‚ and Johann Meidinger)‚ Grammar translation was the offspring of German scholarship[2]‚ the object of which according to one of its less charitable critics‚ was "to know everything about something rather than the thing itself" (W. H. D. llouse‚ quoted In Kelly 1969: 53). Grammar Translation was in fact first known in the United States
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