English Part 2 Words: 1132June 4‚ 2013 Gender Quota in European Companies Women are having a hard time reaching top positions in companies. The European Union recognizes this problem and decided to implement new laws that require quotas for women in businesses. According to the European Commission‚ women need to work an extra of 59 days to match the salary earned by men‚ which makes an average gender pay gap of 16.2% across the European Union in 2010. ("Equal pay day:‚" 2013). The reason why the
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throughout this academic year. I would also like to thank my family and friends who have always supported me. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The subject of this paper is the analysis of the change in mutual relation between the European Parliament‚ European Commission and European Council after the Lisbon treaty on the example of the bilateral trade negotiations. Thus‚ author seeks to answer two questions; firstly‚ how the EU institutions involved in bilateral trade negotiations adapted themselves to the
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the European Integration Background – Intellectual context -‐ to understand the theories of European integration‚ it is important to consider the intellectual context from which the idea of European integration emerged Federalism – Altiero Spinelli -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ Spinelli: leader of the European Union
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CHALLENGES OF THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL AND PROPOSE TACTICAL MEASURES TO OVERCOME THESE CRISES Introduction i) The United Nations The United Nations is an international organization instituted with a visionary goal and objective of promoting world peace‚ security‚ and cooperation under the terms of the Charter‚ signed by member countries. Established in 1945 by 51 founding states‚ the institution has its headquarters at New York City. The focal point of the organization is focus on affairs of the
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2. The European Union is a political and economic Union‚ which is collectively made up of twenty-eight European countries. The intention of the European Union is to foster economic and political cooperation between the member states‚ and “to make war not only unthinkable‚ but materially impossible.” (Schuman Doctrine) The belief of the European Union is that by promoting trade and interdependence between the member states‚ it will not only make them less likely to engage in war with each other‚ but
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citizen which is not a member state of European Union (EU). Consequently‚ she does not have any right on her own status under European Law (EU). However she is married to Roger who is a British citizen. As a British citizen Roger is also citizen of the European Union. Article 20(1) Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Juanita can claim certain rights under EU law as Roger’s spouse. So‚ Roger’s status and rights need to be determined. As a European Union citizen Roger can move to any
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EUROPEAN LAW AND THE PRINCIPLE OF CONFERRAL The Principle of Conferral is a fundamental principle of European Union law as stipulated in Article TEU 5(1) its limits of Union competences are governed by the principle of conferral According to this principle‚ the EU is a union of member states‚ and all its competences are voluntarily conferred on it by its member states. The EU has no competences by right‚ and thus any areas of policy not explicitly agreed in treaties by all member states remain
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Nationalism and Transnationalism In the context of the European Union (…) History says‚ ‘Don ’t hope On this side of the grave.’ But then‚ once in a lifetime The longed-for tidal wave Of justice can rise up‚ And hope and history rhyme. So hope for a great sea-change On the far side of revenge. Believe that a further shore Is reachable from here. Believe in miracles And cures and healing
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International Journal of Applied Linguistics w Vol. 16 w No. 3 w 2006 Language conflicts in the European Union Ulrich International IJAL © 0802-6106 O 3 16 Language riginal The Ammon Author Article conflicts Journal Journal inLtd of the compilation Applied European Linguistics © Union 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Oxford‚ UK Publishing On finding a politically acceptable and practicable solution for EU institutions that satisfies diverging interests Ulrich Ammon University Duisburg-Essen
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full impact. The scope of the change to the UK constitution that has been instigated by it and other European Court of Justice decisions has been conceptualised as ranging from a ‘legal evolution’ to ‘revolution’. Although some theories are more convincing than others‚ each faces its own weaknesses. However‚ notwithstanding the conclusion of this particular speculative debate‚ the processes of European integration has undoubtedly quickened the pace at which UK Parliament and courts as part of a globalised
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