Mały skrypcik: Introduction to European Institutional Law ;) Na podstawie programme 2013. Materiały → dr Izabela Skomerska-Muchowska‚ notatki z zacnych wykładów jejmości i inne niezbędności. Ania‚ Asia‚ Artur ;) Special thanks to Maciek! 1. Evolution of European integration and legal character of the European Union a. Political foundations of European Communities 9th of May 1950 – Schuman’s Plan (Schuman – French foreign minister) "Europe will not be made all at once‚ or according to a single
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The Economic Impact of European Integration Nearly half of the century ago we couldn’t imagine Europe as it is right now. At the time it seemed to be utopia for some idealists. Nevertheless‚ there were some talks on the “United States of Europe”. However‚ no one could dream about the European Union. Last decades have shown us how far countries can give up their own interests in order to withstand as one unity. The EU as we know now is an ambiguous system that doesn’t fall neither for state structure
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Find these weaknesses can help people improve the system and mechanism of the current economic integration in a correct way. 【Keyword】Economic integration; Debt crisis; EU; Introduction European Economic Integration---EU With the trend of globalization in all aspects‚ economic integration is also becoming more and more popular among the regions. Economic integration refers to trade unification between different states by the partial or
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The European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is an agreement between participating European nations to share a single currency‚ the euro‚ and a single economic policy with set conditions of fiscal responsibility. Since the euro entered in circulation in 2002‚ the European Union has become more and more powerful. However‚ in 2008 when the economic crisis dramatically started with a huge bank investment from the bank in the United states of America “Lehman Brothers »‚ “Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc
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The European Sovereign- Debt Crisis; an Explanation In recent years‚ it has become apparent that a financial crisis has developed and continues to worsen; in not just our own country‚ but throughout with world. Increases in governmental debts and borrowing have made the concern for a solution grow stronger‚ and the possibilities of one to grow smaller. As these financial issues develop further‚ some European countries are finding it nearly impossible to bail themselves out‚ and therefore are being
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“The European Union – The Road To Lisbon” Why and how was the European Union created? The predecessor of the European Union was the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). It was a collaboration of 6 nations (West Germany‚ France‚ Italy‚ Belgium‚ Netherlands and Luxembourg)‚ formed in 1951. Its aim was to unify Western Europe after World War II‚ to ensure peace and stability in Europe and to prevent division amongst allies by increasing the economic interdependencies of these countries. In the
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Current European Debt Crisis Since 2010 fears of a sovereign debt crisis also known as the “Euro Crisis” has developed in Europe having direct impact on countries such as Greece‚ Portugal‚ Ireland and more recently European giants Spain‚ Italy‚ and France. What is on hand for these countries is a serious economic crisis that could involve widespread defaults and or significant rises in inflation caused by toxic short-term loans. The surreal thought of an entire country defaulting‚ is becoming more
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Şafak Tahmaz TURKEY: SHOULD BE A MEMBER OF EUROPEAN UNION? Turkey has been trying to be a member of European Union for ages . In recent years‚ the progress has gained speed‚ and a great number of revisions has been done. Although some people think that whatever Turkey does‚ it will never become a full member‚ I think they are wrong because if Turkey does what it requires‚ it will be accepted to the Union‚ and I am one of those who support Turkey’s membership since
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Toyota’s European Operating Exposure 1. Why do you think Toyota had waited so long to move much of its manufacturing for European sales to Europe? By 2001‚ Toyota’s operating losses in Europe had reached 9.9 billion Yen. Much of this loss was due to Toyota’s operating exposure which was a result of the sliding value of the euro with respect to the Japanese Yen. Between early 1999 and early 2001 (2 year ~ medium-run time horizon)‚ the euro had fallen by approximately 28% with respect to
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with the European Central Bank being their central bank. The United Kingdom has decided to stay out of the European Union and stick with their currency of the Pound. Their central bank is the Bank of England located in London. Both of these countries are 2 of the biggest‚ most powerful countries in the European Union so they both have quite the impact on how the European Union behaves. Both France and the United Kingdom are members of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union. While
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