image‚ or scanned and pasted into this document. Questions 1. An electron that has left the parent atom is called a ___free___ electron. 2. What is the voltage between two points if 100 J of energy is used to move 20 C between the points? V= WQ = 100J20C =5JC =5 V 3. How many electrons are there in a charge of 0.005 C? 3.12 ×1016 4. How much energy is required to move a charge containing 2.5x1013 electrons through a potential difference of 12 Volts? 43μJ 5. A charge of
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represent the most straightforward trend in properties. As the atomic number of the elements increases across a period‚ the trend is from metallic to a non-metallic character. Electronegativity is a measure of an element’s ability to attract a shared electron pair to itself. Metals have a smaller electronegativity than 1.7 and non metals greater than 2.4. As the size of an atom decreases the electronegativity increases; so the value increases across a period and decreases down a group. Melting Points:
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rising to 1.5/1 for elements having atomic numbers between 20 and 83. An understanding of the Belt of Stability will allow you to predict how unstable nuclides will decay. The typical modes of radioactive decay are alpha decay‚ beta decay and electron capture (or positron emission). During alpha decay‚ the mass number of the nuclide decreases by 4 units and the number of protons decreases by 2. This type of decay is associated with heavy‚ unstable nuclides. Since no stable isotopes exist
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attraction of electrons of a molecule by the positive nuclei in another molecule -the strength of the force is dependent on the number of electrons in the molecule (table 1 p. 259) Hydrogen Bonding -seen in compounds where a hydrogen if bonded to highly electronegative atoms with lone pairs of electrons such as: N‚ O and F. The boiling points are much higher than other hydrogen compounds of group V‚ VI and VII elements. -the proton (H) is being shared between two pairs of electrons (similar
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a transition of an electron from n=6 to n=3. 2. Calculate the mass of the particle which has a velocity that is 90.% of the speed of light with the wavelength of 1.5 * 10^-15 m. 3. Calculate the uncertainty of position of a baseball (mass=145g) with change in velocity of 0.11 m/s. 4. Fill in the following. | Number of orbitals | Number of electrons that can be held | n=3 | | | 4p subshell | | | 3px | | | 2f subshell | | | 5. Give the full electron configuration of the
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METALS Lose electrons and form positive cations. NON-METALS gain electrons and form negative anions. IONS Are charges particles. EXMAPLES Atomic Notation and Bohr Diagrams Lewis Dot Diagram Examples Lewis Dot Diagrams of an Negative ION (NON-METAL) Negative ions have 8 valence electrons! Lewis Dot Diagram of an Ionic Compound Lewis Dot Diagrams of an Positive ION (METAL) Positive Ions have no valence electrons! The Octet Rule REMEMBER! All elements want
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Physics 215 Winter 2002 Introduction to Modern Physics Prof. Ioan Kosztin Lecture #23 Solid State Physics • Bonding in solids (metals‚ isolators‚ semiconductors) • Classical free electron theory of metals • Quantum theory of metals • Band theory of solids • Semiconductors • Lasers Classification of solids • Phases of matter: • solid (well defined shape and volume) • liquid (only well defined volume) • gas (no defined shape or volume) • plasma (an overall neutral collection of charged
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particles. The constituent particles of an atom are the electron‚ the proton and the neutron. However‚ the hydrogen-1 atom has no neutrons and a positive hydrogen ion has no electrons. The electron is by far the least massive of these particles at 9.11×10−31 kg‚ with a negative electrical charge and a size that is too small to be measured using available techniques.[46] Protons have a positive charge and a mass 1‚836 times that of the electron‚ at 1.6726×10−27 kg‚ although this can be reduced by
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in shape. when individual sodium and chlorine atoms associate‚ an electron transfer will occur. The sodium atom contains a single electron in the valence energy level (the outermost electron orbit) and the chlorine atom contains seven electrons in its valence energy level‚ leaving an empty space for an eighth electron. Electrostatic forces cause the sodium atom to lose the extra electron. The chlorine atom attracts the free electron‚ creating a positively charged sodium ion (Na+)‚ normally referred
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inversely proportional to the percent transmission for the yellow light which implied more photoelectrons were emitted for greater intensity. Stopping potentials for green light was noted to be higher than of yellow light. Ratio of Planck’s constant to electron charge and work function of the photocathode were determined experimentally from the plot of frequency vs. stopping potential from the first and second orders of spectral lines of mercury. The h/e ratio from the plot was 2.345 × 10-15 eV•s with 43
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