Conditions CONFIGURATIONS OF STRATEGY AND STRUCTURE IN SUBSIDIARIES OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS Julian M. Birkinshaw* Stockholm School of Economics Allen J. Morrison** American GraduateSchool of InternationalManagement Abstract. A three-fold typology of subsidiary roles (world mandate‚ specialized contributor‚ local implementer) was induced from the literature and its empirical validity was confirmed. Adopting a configurational approach‚ we then explored the ways in which subsidiary ’structural
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Authoritarian Parenting and its alternatives: Authoritarian parenting is a style marked by high parental demands and low responsiveness towards children. According to Berger(2005)‚ “Authoritarian parents are strict and have high expectations from their children‚ have set rules and expect obedience without questioning and without really explaining their reasoning to their children “. In Authoritarian parenting‚ parents expect their orders to be obeyed unquestionably and rely on punishment or stern
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The Impacts of Fast Food Fast food can be a cheap‚ quick meal‚ but most people do not realize what they are actually getting into. While some may say that the fast food industry has helped the world because it allows people with low incomes or not a lot of time on their hands to be able to get a fast meal‚ there are plenty of side effects to go along with it. The fast food industry has been developing quickly and has successfully roped in the human race. These restaurants are widely accepted because
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American nations had cultural movements that were challenging the old ideas about racist positivism. In Mexico‚ there was a significant break with the old Diaz regime that created efforts to present the indigenous past as something to be proud of (Cohen). Nationalistic art grew with the Muralistas and Vasconselos’s idea of the Cosmic Race embraced the mixing of all races. In Brazil an example of the break away from European ideals would be Sao Paulo’s Modern Art Week in 1922 (Chasteen
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Describe flashbulb memories and discuss evidence on whether they are more accurate than other long-term memories. The term Flashbulb memory was first used by Brown & Kulik in 1977 (cited in McCloskey‚ Wible & Cohen‚ 1988). This flashbulb mechanism hypothesis states‚ that when triggered by a surprising‚ emotionally charged‚ significant event‚ a more vivid and lasting memory would be created than those created by everyday memory mechanisms. Examples of events that were supposed to trigger
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Was the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920 ’s Extremist? In the nineteen-twenties an organization was reborn called the Second Ku Klux Klan; the motives of the organization are very controversial. Being that some believe that the group was just an organization to protect the American way of life‚ and other view the Ku Klux Klan as a racist terrorist organization that was set up to persecute any minority that the KKK felt threatened by. One author to write on this was David H. Bennett and his article "Traditional
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Regional/National And Plant Level Abstract The HR literature has been abundant in providing typologies of the roles of HR professionals in their organisation. These typologies are largely related to the changing nature of HRM over time‚ and the context in which empirical work was carried out. In this paper we focus on the context of the increasing internationalisation of firms and how this has an effect upon modern-day typologies of HR roles. We explore these roles by focusing on the way in which HRM practices
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addition‚ in Peter Singer’s article “All Animals Are Equal”‚ he has the same standpoint as Regan that animals should have the same principles that human received. In contrast‚ in the article “The Case of the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research” by Carl Cohen‚ he supports Regan in his moral theory‚ however‚ he argues that animals should not have rights‚ and he also points out that the using of animals in medical research is important. “The Case for Animal Rights”‚ “All Animals are Equal” and “The Case of
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in improved leadership skills (Hevel). As college can be overwhelming‚ the University of Michigan and other universities offer wellness coaching as a confidential way to talk about problems and develop solutions to improve students’ mental health (Cohen Interview). Our society is quick to label Greek letter organizations as an environment that cultivates mental distress‚ but many people are drawn to the Greek System because of the favorable effect it has on its members’ mental
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Motivation is a process where our need activates a selected behavior thanks to we can try to achieve our goal. The motivation drives us to act in a way to achieve our desire goal. All the push or pull motives are connected with our perceptions‚ with way how we see and understand the world around us. In 1943 Abraham Maslow published a "Theory of human motivation" where he presented hierarchy of needs. On the bottom of the pyramid are all physiological and safety needs such us food‚ water‚ air
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