Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory proposes the idea that psychoanalysis is an ideal way to treat mental and personality disorders through a range of therapeutic techniques. Freud developed this theory in the late 1800s and early 1900s‚ in which he used the technique psychoanalysis to observe his numerous patients (Gazzaniga‚ M.‚ Heatherton‚ T. and Halpern‚ D. 2016). However‚ the scientific method includes a range of components‚ including hypothesis testing and demarcation‚ that allows the experimenter
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Counselling Theories‚ Assignment 1 – Short Answer Questions. 1. The concept of nature versus nurture is our personality‚ temperament‚ make up‚ complexion and characteristics which are influenced by our parents through genetics‚ as well as our upbringing‚ environment and education. Using myself as a case study‚ starting with my appearance I have green eyes and light coloured hair which I have inherited from my father‚ he too has green eyes and light coloured hair‚ I also have a few of his traits regarding
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will compare and contrast the Person-Centred and Cognitive-Behavioural approaches to the understanding of and working with fear and sadness. It will do this by first summarising the basic theory of person centred Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy and how each theory interprets the causation of fear and sadness. This essay will then use a short paragraph to discuss the relationships and therapeutic alliance within Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy and person centred Therapy. This essay move on to
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Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed by the brain and sense organs. It is concerned with issues of how people perceive‚ understand‚ make decisions about and remember information. Cognitive approach is learning through mental representation‚ this is what we call schemas. Our mental representations are the meaning that we give to objects‚ people and events that we experience. We used this to solve problems and make sense out of the world. The information we use to create a
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BOX 2 THEORIES ON HOW CHILDREN DEVELOP AND LEARN cognitive / constructivist Jean Piaget – he believed that we take in information and that our brains process it and as a result of this our behaviour changes. He felt that children move through different stages in their development and that adults play an important role as they support children through different stages of development. He believed that children learn through process of adapting and understanding known as: Assimilation – taking
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in the relationship‚ putting up no professional front or personal facade‚ the greater is the likelihood that the client will change and grow in a constructive manner. This means that the therapist is openly being the feelings and attitudes that are flowing within at the moment. The term “transparent” catches the flavor of this condition: the therapist makes himself or herself transparent to the client; the client can see right through what the therapist is in the relationship; the client experiences
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1. Briefly explain how you could understand Steven’s case using nature versus nurture theory. Nature: is that which is inherited / genetic background. Nurture : Our environmental influences ( Physical and Social) which is acquired after conception‚ ie ‚ experiences In relation to Steven’s case the Nurture element of this theory. His parents having full dominating control over his life and the pressure of there expectations. Focusing on his childhood experiences of not being heard‚ no sense
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space for a client could be described as a place or space in which a client feels secure and free to express him/herself in a real‚ true and open way. This could mean a number of things to different clients‚ it is very individual. What makes a person feel safe? The list could include some or all of the following; Not feeling judged or criticised by the counsellor or that the counsellor is likely to not accept you if you share something ‘bad’ Feeling that the counsellor accurately
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PSY2016 & PSY3019 A Brief Preamble PSY2016/3019 Counselling Theory & Practice Counselling & Psychological Therapies Constructionist Approaches PSY2016 & PSY3019 Realism vs Constructionism • For realists the human mind & behaviour are part of the natural world. For constructionists human activity and experience is constructed by the individual & their context (culture). • Realist approaches are concerned with the causes of behaviour and experience‚ constructionist
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With ideas opposite psychodynamic approaches‚ Beck concluded the key to therapy was in a patients’ cognition‚ which is the way we perceive‚ interpret‚ and attribute meaning. Beck’s preliminary focus was on depression and developed a list of "errors" in thinking that he suggested could cause or maintain depression‚ including "arbitrary inference‚ selective abstraction‚ over-generalization‚ and magnification (of negatives) and minimization (of positives)." He later expanded his focus on anxiety disorders
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