that Awful Smell”? - Bromine There are 118 known elements to man‚ and each of them differ in its own way. They vary from weight‚ structure‚ color‚ and much more‚ but many of them are similar to others and can be grouped accordingly. One element that varies drastically from others is one whose stench is so horrible‚ that the original name of the element was changed from muride to bromos‚ which means “stench” in Greek. Thus‚ bromine was named. Like many other known elements‚ bromine was discovered by
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Chris Holet 7 – 20-12 Steriochemistry of Bromine Addition to trans-Cinnamic Acid Purpose: To carry out the addition of bromine to trans-cinnamic acid and to identify the product from its melting point. Molecular Structures and Chemical Reaction(s): Results and Calculations: Table of reagents Name Density (g/ml) Amount used Amount # moles Bromine (excess) Trans-cinnamic Acid 1.246 g/cm3 0.148g – do conversion Dichloromethane 1‚3266 g/cm3 -
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theoretical yield)/ theoretical x 100% = percent error Abs. (58.5 – 60)/ 60 x 100 = 2.5% Scheme of the Reaction (Exp.12a/12b): Analysis of Results: In this experiment‚ the compound diphenylacetylene was made by using potassium hydroxide to take the bromine off of the 1‚ 2-dibromo-1.2-diphenylethane. Pyridinium bromide perbromide was used rather than Br2 due to it being a volatile and highly corrosive substance. Calculate the theoretical yield which was 0.107g of diphenylacetylene. Calculate the percent
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Hydrocarbons Equipment Required: -4 Test tubes -Dropper - Cyclohexane (C6H12) (3ml) - Cyclohexene (C6H10) (3ml) - Toluene (CH3C6H5) (3ml) - Potassium Permanganate solution (KMnO4) .01 mol L-1 (4ml) - Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) 2mol L-1 (2ml) - Bromine Water (Br2) (5ml) Procedure: Reaction of hydrocarbons with acidified permanganate: 1) Into three separate‚ labeled test tubes place 1 ml of cyclohexane‚ cyclohexene and toluene respectively. 2) In a separate test tube add 4 ml of 0.01mol L-1
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Apparatus: dropper‚ test tube‚ hot plate Chemical reagents: bromine‚ toluene‚ cyclohexane‚ cyclohexene‚ acidified KMnO4‚ dichloromethane Method A. Bromine test 1.6 clean and dry test tube were taken and were labelled them A until F 2.1ml of dichloromethane were placed into each test tube 3.1 ml of cyclohexane were placed into tubes A and B‚1 ml cyclohexene were placed into test tube C and D‚1ml toluene to test tube E and F 4. 5 drops of bromine water were placed into each test tube 5. Test tube A
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alkenes Aim: To compare the reactivities of an alkane and an alkene with bromine water and a solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4). Equipment: • 4 test tubes • Test-tube rack • 4 pipettes Safety: safety glasses must be worn to prevent injury to the eyes. Ensure room is well ventilated whilst using the hydro carbons. Method: 1. Place 1 ml of sample A (cyclohexane) into a test tube containing 4 mls of the bromine water solution. Record observations of any reaction. 2. Place 1 ml of sample
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alkane and an alkene Hypothesis: The cyclohexene would react to the bromine water and turn colourless‚ whilst the cyclohexane won’t react. Risk Assessment: What’s the problem? | How do you fix? | How does it work? | Bromine water is corrosive to the skin | Wear gloves | Stops the Bromine water from reaching skin | Cyclohexane/ene is highly flammable | Keep away from naked flames. | No naked flame = no ignition. | Bromine water is very toxic if inhaled | Conduct experiment in fume cupboard
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plates. If the positive metal ions in the solutions are less powerful reducing agents‚ then the metal in the plate will be reduced and hence form a deposition of solid metal. e.g. Zn + Pb2+-> Zn2+ + Pb EXPERIMENT 2: Aim: To range the halogens bromine‚ chlorine and iodine‚ with the strongest oxidising agent first. Hypothesis: A strong oxidising agent is a species that easily gains electrons‚ and is hence easily reduced. The ionisation energy of the halogens (Cl2‚ I2‚ Br2) decreases down the group
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identification of alkyl halide Chemicals and Apparatus: ~18.0 g 1-butanol‚ ~20.0 g sodium bromide‚ 15 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid‚ anhydrous magnesium sulfate‚ ~10 ml of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate‚ ~1 ml of sodium iodide – acetone reagent‚ 1 ml of bromine in chloroform‚ 1 piece of 100 cm3 round-bottomed flask‚ 1 piece of 50 cm3 of beaker‚ 1 piece of 50 cm3 of conical flask‚ 1 piece of 250 cm3 of separating funnel‚ 1 piece of 10 cm3 of measuring cylinder‚ 1 piece of electronic hot plate‚ oil bath‚ several
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with zinc and acetic acid‚ C yields only: O O The structure of C is: I II IV A) B) C) D) E) III V I II III IV V Ans: E Topic: Structure Elucidation 4. Compound X has the molecular formula C6H10. X decolorizes bromine in carbon tetrachloride. X also shows IR absorption at about 3300 cm-1. When treated with excess hydrogen and a nickel catalyst‚ X yields 2-methylpentane. The most likely structure for X is: A) B) C) D) E) Ans: D 243 Keghan Chapter
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