Biofuels – Alternative and Renewable Sources of Energy - Modified from Source: http://biofuel.org.uk/ BIOMASS Biomass can be termed as organic material which is derived from living or more “recently deceased” organisms. The most important feature of biomass is that it is a renewable source of energy unlike other natural resources like coal‚ petroleum and even nuclear fuel. Biomass itself is a renewable energy source because we can always grow more trees and crops‚ and waste will always exist
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INTRODUCTION – NEED FOR BIO-FUELS The recent upheavals in the oil market leading to record oil prices‚ have again turned the world attention to alternative sources of energy. A number of them are being researched Nuclear energy‚ Hydrogen energy‚ Wind energy‚ Solar energy & Bio-energy. Use of nuclear energy and hydrogen energy for civilian purposes are in very nascent stages. Fuel cells are more promising‚ but they are yet to be put in commercial practice. Wind energy and solar energy
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High Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Aspirin Problem: Was aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) successfully synthesized? Are there impurities or by-products present in the synthesized aspirin? How pure is the synthesized aspirin? Introduction: In the last experiment‚ aspirin was synthesized followed by characterization of the product using several different techniques. Melting point was a test that provided information about the identity and purity of the aspirin product. The iron(III)chloride
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Name SOLUBILITY CURVES Answer the following questions based on the solubility curve below. Which salt is least soluble in water .. at 2O° C? 2. How many grams of potassium chloride can be dissolved in 200 g of water at 80° C? IO 3. At 40° C‚ how much potassium _ __nitrate coin be dissoiu$tl ^n 30D.g of water? ------W- ’1 80 70 ...- O --60 0 5© 40 4. Which salt shows the least change 30 In solubility from 0° - 100° C? 20 10 At 30° C‚ 90 g of sodium
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Sulphonation – The Process Most electrophilic substitution reactions are irreversible but sulfonation is an exception. Treatment of benzene with "oleum" (a solution of SO3 in concentrated sulfuric acid) will give the sulfonic acid‚ the electrophilic species being sulfur trioxide which is Lewis acidic. Fig – 1 Sulphonation : Benzene equation The sulfonic acid can be converted back by treatment with hot aqueous acid. The reason for this reversibility is the fact that the Wheland intermediate is overall
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Camitan‚ Honey Jane T. Dela Cruz ABSTRACT The project aims to test the feasibility of extracts from the adelfa plant as pesticide. The leaves were cut from the stem and then subjected to steam bath. Soxhlet apparatus was used for extraction; methanol was used as solvent. The extract was then distilled‚ and diluted into 4 containers to obtain concentrations of 100%‚ 75%‚ 50% and 25%. There were 6 set-ups‚ each with 10 cockroaches‚ one positive control set-up‚ in which the group used commercial
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starch‚ degrade excess hydrogen peroxide‚ bleach textiles and degrade lignin. 5. Animal feed Addition of xylanase to wheat-based broiler feed has increased the available metabolizable energy 7-10% in various studies. Enzyme addition reduces viscosity‚ which increases absorption of nutrients‚ liberates nutrients either by hydrolysis of non-degradable fibers or by liberating nutrients blocked by these fibers‚ and reduces the amount of faeces. 6. Baking Alpha-amylases have been most widely
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Introduction The energy consumption grows year by year with the economical development of the countries such as China and Japan despite the boisterous events. With the ‘Arab Spring’ in 2011‚ energy market was shook in terms of both production and consumption of the oil with the loss of one of the suppliers‚ also the massive earthquake and tsunami that hit Japan coast caused immediate action for nuclear power and other fuels around the world. Due to those events‚ oil prices reached an all-time record
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Introduction Climate change is one of significant issues that have been considered in recent years. According to Anderson (2009)‚ most climate researchers recognise it is essential to reduce 80 percent of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 to prohibit effects of climate change. Furthermore‚ carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most important causes to produce GHG which is combusted from heating‚ transportation and electricity generated by fossil fuels. However‚ one of the solutions for
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(also written as NaHO). It is a white solid‚ and is a highly caustic metallic base and alkali salt. It is available in pellets‚ flakes‚ granules‚ and as a 50% saturated solution.[citation needed] Sodium hydroxide is soluble in water‚ ethanol and methanol. This alkali is deliquescent and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide in air. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries‚ mostly as a strong chemical base in the manufacture of pulp and paper‚ textiles‚ drinking water‚ soaps and detergents
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