PREPARATION OF BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering Submitted by Ritesh Shukla Pankaj Singh Bais Ciby Ninan Ankush Deshmukh Under the guidance of Prof. SUSHANT S. SATPUTALEY (Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering) Academic Year 2010-11 Department of Mechanical Engineering ST. VINCENT
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The free radical polymerization is usually terminated by two mechanisms‚ coupling or disproportionation. Either mechanism involves the reaction between two growing chain ends. In this lab‚ the reaction is terminated by adding small amount of methanol to the reaction mixture. Operational Procedure: Bulk Polymerization: Styrene polymerizations were performed in a round bottom flask with one open arm. 10 ml (96.015 mmol) of dry‚ oxygen free styrene and 0.2 g (1.218 mmol) of AIBN was
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conventional ophthalmic suspension such as blurred vision‚ burning‚ stinging and irritation upon instillation. The viscosity was increased to provide additional advantage of long duration of action. Precipitation method was used to prepare Fluorometholone ophthalmic Nanosuspension. The type of polymer and stabilizer used showed effect on the particle size and zeta potential of Fluorometholone. Viscosity of prepared Nanosuspension was carried out which is sufficient to give better retention with cornea. The
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Chapter 12 Discussion Questions Salome Moon 2) What type of forces must be overcome when solid I2 dissolves in methanol‚ CH3OH? Induced dipole What type of forces must be disrupted between CH3OH molecules when I2 dissolves? Hydrogen bonding What type of forces exist between I2 and CH3OH molecules in solution? Dipole-Induced Dipole 4) What type of intermolecular forces must be overcome in converting each of the following from a liquid to a gas? a) CO2 London forces
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Lab #4 The Synthesis of Organic Polymers CHM2123‚ Section C October 21‚ 2014 Introduction: Organic polymers are macromolecules that are composed of smaller molecules called monomers. There are two main groups of polymers: natural polymers and unnatural (synthetic) polymers. Natural polymers include proteins such as cellulose and starch and are a necessity for our existence. On the other hand‚ synthetic polymers such as the polycarbonate in our lab goggles
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PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM KARANJA OIL BY TRANSESTERIFICATION INTRODUCTION Majority of the worlds energy needs are supplied through petrochemical sources‚ coal and natural gases‚ with the exception of hydroelectricity and nuclear energy. All these sources are finite and at current rate of usage these will be consumed shortly. The high energy demand in the industrialized world as well as in the domestic sector and pollution problems caused due to the widespread use of fossil fuels make it
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The algae were pounded and dried before oil was extracted. The extracted oil had undergone transesterification. This reaction was often catalyzed by the addition of acid or base catalyst. After transesterification biodiesel produced went through viscosity test‚ flammability test and luminosity test to find out how effective it is compare to commercial product. The data were recorded and tabulated. Based on the observation done‚ it was found out that Acrosiphonia mertinsii and Sargassum crassifolium
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result in high yield of pectin and residual oil extracted from orange peels using the methanol pre-treatment to extract orange peel oil and hydrochloric acid for pectin extraction. Ethanol is used as the precipitating agent. The experiment was conducted using varying concentration of the acid in the extraction step and varied volumetric ratio of the Ethanol in the precipitation. The results obtained showed that methanol extraction of oil as a pre-treatment gave a higher yield of pectin than using hydrochloric
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Fangjie‚ Z.‚ Fenglei‚ H.‚ “Research on on-line DGA using FT-IR [power transformer insulation testing]”. Proceedings of POWCON international conference on power system technology‚ Vol.3‚ (2002) [19] Copper development association Inc [24] Cambridge viscosity‚ no date‚ “Degree of polymerisation measurement equipment‚ [on-line photograph]” Available from http://www.cambridgeviscometer.com/laboratory-viscometers [Assessed on 5 march‚ 2012]
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the loss of HCl via nucleophilic substitution. Cellulose triacetate was generated by mixing cotton balls and acetic anhydride with acidic condition under heating. Materials: Styrene‚ 1 M NaOH solution‚ CaCl2(s)‚ xylene‚ t-butyl peroxybenzoate‚ methanol‚ 5% aqueous solution of 1‚ 6-hexanediamine‚ NaOH(s)‚ 5% sebacoyl chloride in hexane‚ glacial acetic acid‚ concentrated H2SO4‚ cotton balls‚ acetic anhydride‚ CH2Cl2 Procedure: For the synthesis of polystyrene‚ 10 ml styrene and 20 ml of 1 M NaOH
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