IONIC COMPOUNDS In chemistry‚ an ionic compound is a chemical compound in which ions are held together in a lattice structure by ionic bonds. Usually‚ the positively charged portion consists of metal cations and the negatively charged portion is an anion or polyatomic ion. Ions in ionic compounds are held together by the electrostatic forcesbetween oppositely charged bodies. Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points‚ and they are hard and very brittle. Ions can be single atoms‚ as the sodium and chlorine in
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AMINO ACIDS SUSMITA DAS SWAPNA MONDAL OBJECTIVES To study about Amino acids. To study the classifications of amino acids based on different headings. To study the functions of amino acids. INTRODUCTION Amino acids:• Amino acids are monomers of protein. • Amino acids are group of organic compounds which contain two functional groups. One is Amino group(NH2) and the other is Carboxyl group(COOH). • Proteins are broken down into amino acids on hydrolysis. • Each amino acid also have a
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COrdination compounds Question 9.1: Explain the bonding in coordination compounds in terms of Werner’s postulates. =Werner’s postulates explain the bonding in coordination compounds as follows: (i) A metal exhibits two types of valencies namely‚ primary and secondary valencies. Primary valencies are satisfied by negative ions while secondary valencies are satisfied by both negative and neutral ions. (In modern terminology‚ the primary valency corresponds to the oxidation number of the metal
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COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Abstract Organic compunds were examined to a comparative investigation to differentiate the properties of each sample. The physical state at room temperature‚ odor and color of the sample were noted by simple observation. In terms of solubility in H2O‚ 5% NaOH solution and 5% HCl solution‚ the samples were classified as to miscible‚ slightly immiscible or immiscible for liquid; and very soluble‚ soluble‚ partially soluble or insolubse for solid. The
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Tetrapyrrole compounds: chlorophyll and heme groups By Erwin Lim 1. Tetrapyrrole compounds A tetrapyrrole compound is a chemical group that consists of four pyrroles that are joined together by covalent bonds‚ forming a porphyrin ring. They are naturally occurring pigments‚ which are used in many biological processes (Berg‚ 2009). The basic structure of a tetrapyrrole is as seen in Figure 1‚ while the basic structure of a pyrrole is as seen in Figure 2. Figure 1.Tetrapyrrole Compound (Berg‚ 2009)
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BINARY COMPOUNDS -Compose of two kinds of atom Polyatomic Ion | Name | OH-1 | hydroxide | SO4-2 | sulfate | PO4-3 | phosphate | NO3-1 | nitrate | CO3-2 | carbonate | HCO3-1 | hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate | ClO3-1 | chlorate | NH4+1 | ammonium | TWO NON-METALS - Give the name of the positive ion followed by the negative ion ending with -ide -Greek prefixes are used CO-carbon monoxide CO2-carbon dioxide NO-nitrogen
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Preparing Esters by esterification method using carboxylic acid to an alcohol‚ which is 1.0 ml of ethanoic acid to the ethanol‚ and ethanoic acid to the propan-1-ol‚ also adding H2SO4 as a catalyst for the reaction Abstract: Esters are a group of organic compound‚ famous for their interesting odours and smells. In this investigation student used ethanoic acid and ethanol with sulfuric acid as catalyst to produce ester‚ which was known of its smell. However it was expected to have a pleasant smell
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Chromatography • • • Separation based on polarity of compounds Two potential phases for a compound to exist in: mobile and stationary Partitioning of compounds between mobile phase and stationary phase occurs: o Compounds that are less polar move more in the mobile phase‚ those that are more polar “stick” more on the stationary phase o These polarity differences cause compounds move at different rates and therefore can be separated 1. Mobile Phase: the phase the moves; can be gas or
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Acids‚ Bases‚ and pH Lab In this lab the testing of whether or not a substance was an acid or a base occurred. Each substance was tested with the indicators red litmus paper‚ blue litmus paper‚ pH paper‚ phenolthalein‚ bromthymol blue‚ and phenol red. While the substances were tested the group noticed that the substances tested with the red and blue litmus paper‚ the phenolthatein‚ bronthmol blue were the easiest to interpret. The color changes that occurred when this indicator was put into a substance
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Topic : Compound Adjective Content Part 1: Introduction( page 3) - Introduction the compound adjective - Reason for choosing compound adjective‚ the important of the compound adjective Part 2: Literature review - Definition of compound adjective(page 4 ) - Function of compound adjective( page 4) - Classification of compound adjective( page 4‚5) Part 3: Application ( In teaching and learning English ) - Problem( page 6) - Suggestion for learning and
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