The Discovery Of The Electron The electron was discovered in 1895 by J.J. Thomson in the form of cathode rays‚ and was the first elementary particle to be identified. The electron is the lightest known particle which possesses an electric charge. Its rest mass is Me <approximately equal> 9.1 x 10 -28 g‚ about 1/1836 of the mass of the proton or neutron. The charge of the electron is -e = -4.8 x 10^-10 esu <elec trostatic unit). The sign of the electron’s charge is negative by convention‚ and
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An electron microscope is a type of microscope that produces an electronically-magnified image of a specimen for detailed observation. The electron microscope (EM) uses a particle beam of electrons to illuminate the specimen and create a magnified image of it. The microscope has a greater resolving power than a light-powered optical microscope‚ because it uses electrons that have wavelengths about 100‚000 times shorter than visible light (photons)‚ and can achieve magnifications of up to 1‚000‚000x
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Electron Microscopy The electron microscope is a very powerful microscope which can see things that normal microscopes cannot. There are 2 types of electron microscope: the transmission electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope. The sample must be in a vacuum so that no air bubbles are on the produced image and also because the electrons are absorbed by the molecules in the air‚ this means that the electron microscope cannot be used to look at living cells. The tissue is soaked
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SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR SEMINAR ABSTRACT A single-electron transistor consists of a small conducting island connected to the source and drain leads by tunnel junctions and connected to one or more gates. The nanometre scale conductive island is embedded in an insulating material. Gate signals are capacitive coupled to the island. Two gate signals can be applied to the island out of which one is optional. Here‚ only one electron can tunnel from source to drain. The processes
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Electron Arrangement Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to write electron configurations‚ orbital filling diagrams‚ and electron- dot diagram for ten elements. Hypothesis: If the amount of electron is know them the configuration of the element is know. Equipment: Paper‚ Pencils Procedure: (IV) Independent Variable - Configuration of electron (DV) Dependent Variable – Multiple Energy Level (CM) Control Method – S‚P‚D‚F Orbital (CMI/C)Constant - S‚P‚D‚F Orbital 1. Prepare a table
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The electron microscope‚ instrument that produced the first magnified image showing three-dimensional’ and highly magnified image of a small object. It directs a beam of electrons rather than light through a specimen. The beam of electrons is created from an electron gun. This beam then travels through the length of the microscope cylinder‚ which contains the lenses‚ the specimen chamber‚ and the image-recording system. Two types of electron lenses are used‚ electrostatic and electromagnetic
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Sir J.J.THOMSOM is to physics what electron is to an atom. He charged the world of physics with his discoveries and gave momentum to atomic physics. Physics is what today because of this British scientist who is regarded as the greatest experimental physicists of this century. A bookseller’s son‚ Thomsom studied at the Owens College and later at the Manchester University. He wanted to become an engineer‚ but his father’s death in 1872 forced him to study Mathematics‚ Physics and Chemistry as he
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FREE ELECTRON THEORY Classical free electron theory of metals This theory was developed by Drude and Lorentz and hence is also known as Drude-Lorentz theory. According to this theory‚ a metal consists of electrons which are free to move about in the crystal like molecules of a gas in a container. Mutual repulsion between electrons is ignored and hence potential energy is taken as zero. Therefore the total energy of the electron is equal to its kinetic energy. Drift velocity If no electric
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chemical behavior. A. B. C. D. E. proton‚ neutron‚ electron proton‚ electron‚ neutron neutron‚ electron‚ proton proton‚ photon‚ neutron none of the above 2. The symbol 63 Cu represents an isotope of the element copper. Give the following values: atomic 29 number‚ mass number‚ number of neutrons‚ number of electrons‚ and number of protons. A. B. C. D. E. atomic # 63 63 29 29 29 mass number 29 29 63 63 92 # of neutrons 34 63 29 34 63 # of electrons 63 63 63 29 29 # of protons 63 29 63 29 29 3.
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Study Guide 1. Write down the electron configuration for the following atoms (see page 135 in your textbook): Mg Ne Zn 2. Which elements have the following electron configurations? a. 1s22s2 b. 1s22s22p63s23p1 3. Sketch the shape of the following orbitals: s p d 4. Define the term “quantum.” 5. Using the diagram of the atom‚ on the right‚ identify the following: a. Which arrow(s) indicate that electrons absorbed energy? b. Which arrow(s) indicate that electrons lost/emitted energy as light
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