Types of Wastes Generated  Suspended Solids (un-dissolved/insoluble)  Floating Materials (mainly FOG)  Dissolved (soluble) Impurities Organics Volatile Organics (VOC) Biodegradable Compounds (BOD; FOG) Refractory or Persistent (eg. Phenols) Inorganics Metals (as salts) Nutrients (N‚ P) Sulfur (as -SO4‚ S-) Acids/Alkalis  Color (can be colloidal or dissolved) Crude Oil Impurites Since the types of waste generated from crude
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HYDROCARBONS 365 UNIT 13 HYDROCARBONS Hydrocarbons are the important sources of energy. After studying this unit‚ you will be able to • • name hydrocarbons according to IUPAC system of nomenclature; recognise and write structures of isomers of alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons; learn about various methods of preparation of hydrocarbons; distinguish between alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons on the basis of physical and chemical properties; draw and
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Petroleum Hydrocarbon April 2012 Kaleigh Monroe Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University for Dr. Cassel Gardner SWS 3211- Soils and Water Conservation * * Table of Contents Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Outline………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Introduction to Phytoremediation………………………………………………………………………. 4 About Petroleum Hydrocarbons………………………………………………………………………... 6 Phytoremediation as a solution to Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination……………………………
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Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons from Crude Oil by Pseudomonas putida A Project done under the guidance of Dr. K. Bharathi Department of Biotechnology. Submitted to the faculty Of Department of Biotechnology National Institute Of Technology‚ Warangal (A.P) Submitted By Febin P. Nalpady‚ Anzal Rahman‚ Shruti Sharma‚ Sindhuja Nandiraju‚ Giraboina
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Muraleedharan Aromatic electrophilic substitution (Ar-SE) Reactions The special reactivity of aromatic systems towards electrophiles arises mainly from two factors: the presence of π electron density above and below the plane of the ring - making it nucleophilic‚ and the drive to regain the aromatic character by opting for substitution as opposed to a simple addition reaction. Preference towards addition reactions in the case of alkenes and substitution in the case of aromatic compounds becomes
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Experiment #1 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of 2‚4-dinitrochlorobenze Name: Anouk Deck-Leger Student I.D: 9380868 Date performed: September 13th‚ 2010 Due Date: September 20th‚ 2010 Introduction: The company DNCB produces large amounts of 2‚4-dinitrochlorobenzene and they sell this product to treat against warts and severe and chronic hair loss. It can also be used as an alternative treatment for HIV. The supervisor notices an excess amount of m-aminobenzoic acid stored away which
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their labels (Hudson‚ 1973). One of the most enduring characteristics of Angostura Aromatic Bitters was its secret ingredients which continued to remain a secret for its 200 years of existence‚ the product has survived even when other bitters existing around the time of its emergence faded away‚ recreating its identity from medicine to being a beverage and food flavour enhancer (Conaway‚ 2009). Angostura Aromatic Bitters has monopolized the bitters market for many years because of its branding evolution
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Objective: To perform an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction‚ predict the effect on substituent orientation‚ and determine the identity of the product and mechanism for product. Procedure: Schoffstall‚ A.M.‚ Faddis‚ B.A.‚ and Durelinger‚ M.L. Microscale and Miniscale Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments‚ 2nd Ed.‚ McGraw-Hill‚ 2004‚ pages 215-218. Experiment 12.2 A Changes: Part A- No methanol recrystallization. Results and Observations
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ABSTRACT: The electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction is the attack of a benzene ring on an electrophilic species resulting in the substitution of a proton with a functional group. The electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction nitration is used to nitrate methyl benzoate and acetanilide with a nitronium ion. Crystallization was used to purify the product. The melting point was used to determine its purity and the regiochemistry of the products. The methyl benzoate reaction product‚ methyl
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Project Report – Herbal Processing Plant Sector: Forest‚ Environment and Herbal Project Title: Processing Plant for Wild Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Project Description Associated side effects and high cost of allopathic medicines are key reasons‚ herbal medications are being increasingly preferred over their synthetic counterpart. Around the world herbal industry is growing faster than the traditional pharmaceutical industry. India has a thriving herbal industry and there is a high potential for
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