Preview

Phytoremediation of Petroleum Based Hydrocarbon Soils

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
2917 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Phytoremediation of Petroleum Based Hydrocarbon Soils
Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbon

April 2012

Kaleigh Monroe
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University

for

Dr. Cassel Gardner
SWS 3211- Soils and Water Conservation

*

* Table of Contents

Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………………………… 2
Outline………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
Introduction to Phytoremediation………………………………………………………………………. 4
About Petroleum Hydrocarbons………………………………………………………………………... 6
Phytoremediation as a solution to Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination…………………………… 8
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
Glossary……………………………………………………………………………………………….... 12
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………………. 13 *

Introduction to Phytoremediation
What is Phytoremediation?
How does Phytoremediation work?
Various mechanisms
Potential of Phytoremediation as a remediation technology
Limitations
Benefits
About Petroleum Hydrocarbon
What is Petroleum Hydrocarbon?
Sources and uses
How does it get into the environment?
Risks Posed by Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Phytoremediation as a solution to Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination
Considerations
Depth of Pollution
Method
Phytostimulation
Plant Selection
Natural Revegetation using native plants
2. Establishment of Non-native plants
Operations and Maintenance
Cost
Fertilizer
Irrigation
Aeration
Harvest and Disposal
Conclusion

Introduction to Phytoremediation
Phytoremediation is a word formed from the Greek prefix “phyto” meaning plant, and the Latin suffix “remedium” meaning to clean or restore (Mcgraw hill). It is a bioremediation process which uses various types of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, or even destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater. Plants can be used to remove many kinds of pollution such as explosives, metals, pesticides, radioactive material and oil. Plants have the potential to prevent groundwater, wind and rain from carrying


Bibliography: A. Yu. Muratova, A. D. Bondarenkova, L. V. Panchenko, and O. V. Turkovskaya. "Use of Integrated Phytoremediation for Cleaning up of Oil-Sludge-Contaminated Soil." Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology Vol. 46, No. 8 (2010): 789-794. A. Yu. Muratova, T. V. Dmitrieva, L. V. Panchenko, O. V. Turkovskaya. "Phytoremediation of Oil-Sludge-Contaminated Soil." International Journal of Phytoremediation (2008): 486-502. Ali A. Besalatpour, Mohammad A. Hajabbasi, Amir H. Khoshgoftarmanesh. "Reclamation of a Petroleum-Contaminated Calcareous Soil Using Photostimularion." Soil and Sediment Contamination (2010): 547-559. Ali Daryabeigi Zand, Gholamreza Nabi Bidhendi, Nasser Mehrdadi. "Phytoremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) using plant species in Iran." Turkish Journal of Agriculture & Forestry (2010): 429-438. K. V. Nedunuri, C. Lowell, W. Meade, A. P. Vonderheide, J. R. Shann. "Management Practices and Phytoremediation by Native Grasses." International Journal of Phytoremediation (2010): 200-213. Ndimele, P.E. "A Review on the Phytoremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences (2010): 715-722. Salmi Nur Ain Sanusi, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, Mushrifah Idris. "Preliminary Test of Phytoremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil Using Paspalum Vaginatum Sw." Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, (2010): 39-42.
Continue Reading
View Writing Issues

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    Unit 5 Biology
    • 1810 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Unit 5 Biology

    Phytoextraction (or phytoaccumulation) uses plants or algae to remove contaminants from soils, sediments or water into harvestable plant biomass (organisms that take larger-than-normal amounts of contaminants from the soil are called hyperaccumulators). Phytoextraction has been growing rapidly in popularity worldwide for the last twenty years or so. In general, this process has been tried more often for extracting heavy metals than for organics. At the time of disposal, contaminants are typically concentrated in the much smaller volume of the plant matter than in the initially contaminated soil or sediment. 'Mining with plants', or phytomining, is also being experimented with. The plants absorb contaminants through the root system and store them in the root biomass and/or transport them up into the stems and/or leaves. A living plant may continue to absorb contaminants until it is harvested. After harvest, a lower level of the contaminant will remain in the soil, so the growth/harvest cycle must usually be repeated through several crops to achieve a significant cleanup. After the process, the cleaned soil can support other vegetation.…

    • 1810 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    The Keystone XL Pipeline: Environmental Impact
    • 2539 Words
    • 11 Pages

    The Keystone XL Pipeline: Environmental Impact

    Abstract. The topic of global oil production is becoming a well-recognized political issue, as it should, but the environmental impacts need to be addressed as well. The recent development project of the Canadian oil sands has been put into the spotlight after the TransCanada Company applied for a permit allowing their Keystone XL pipeline.…

    • 2539 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Annotated Bibliography: Unsafe-Goods
    • 2263 Words
    • 10 Pages

    Annotated Bibliography: Unsafe-Goods

    contaminated spray water, soil, and irrigation systems to grow foods. Even if the focus of…

    • 2263 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Alberta Oil Sands Research Paper
    • 4409 Words
    • 18 Pages

    Alberta Oil Sands Research Paper

    “Oil Sands Development Contributes Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds to the Athabasca River and Its Tributaries” …………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…

    • 4409 Words
    • 18 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Phytomining - Pros and Cons
    • 385 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Phytomining - Pros and Cons

    It is generally accepted that phytomining is greener than conventional mining practices. In environments with metal-contaminated soil, phytominers can recollect metal pollutants from the soil, thereby restoring the soil to health. Still, growingmass amounts of plants also takes a toll on the land used for cultivation. Industrial farming practices deplete the soil and overgrowing biocrops has the potential to permanently alter an area's ecology.…

    • 385 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Best Essays

    The Development of Oil Sands in Alberta
    • 2559 Words
    • 11 Pages

    The Development of Oil Sands in Alberta

    In the kingdom of energy, coal is gradually losing its position as the most used energy resource in the world. On the contrary, oil has become one of the most significant energy resources in people’s life. Meanwhile, researchers have found many other natural resources that can become substitutes of oil. Oil sands are one of these resources. “The oil sands are a thick, viscous mixture of bitumen hydrocarbons combined with water, sand, heavy metals and clay” (Alberta Canada, 2012). A great controversy between the economic and social benefits and environmental costs of oil sands has been developed for a long time. From a comprehensive perspective, the development of oil sands should be recommended and encouraged. It will benefit the…

    • 2559 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Best Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    3 Major Practicies That Affect Soil Erosion & How It Can Be Corrected
    • 602 Words
    • 3 Pages

    3 Major Practicies That Affect Soil Erosion & How It Can Be Corrected

    References: Wright, R. T., & Boorse, D. F. (2014). Environmental science (12th ed.) San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc. Retrieved from: Chapter 11- Soil: The foundations for land ecosystems, Pages 266-288.…

    • 602 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Biology - Fossil Fuels vs. Alternative Energy Source
    • 1538 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Biology - Fossil Fuels vs. Alternative Energy Source

    Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon deposits derived from the remains of ancient plants and animals under enormous amounts of heat and pressure. Oil, or petroleum, is one of the most common fossil fuels utilized by people all over the world on a daily basis. Crude oil is a smelly, yellow-black, viscous liquid composed of mostly nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, which is found in underground reservoirs. Oil is nonrenewable which means once it 's extracted from the earth, it takes thousands of years to replace. It has been an abundant resource for many years, but it has the potential to run out because it takes so long for it to replenish (Moan & Smith, 2013). The United States produces 11% of the world 's total petroleum. It 's obtained by drilling into rock layers and extracting the oil deposits from them. A derrick must be built to hold the necessary tools and pipes to carry the oil. Then, it 's sent to a refinery where it is separated by density in distillation towers, converted into lighter hydrocarbon molecules, treated, and stored in tanks and sent out in pipelines. Oil can be made into usable petroleum products, such as diesel, jet fuel, gasoline, ink, crayons, or even tires; however, oil is used mainly for transportation purposes (gasoline and jet fuel are the most common). Although oil does give certain advantages to everyday life, it has a negative environmental impact. When oil is burned, carbon dioxide can be emitted. Carbon dioxide is the leading cause of global warming. Oil affects biodiversity because the harmful emissions of smoke and other gases when it 's being burned is harmful to plants and animals living in water and on land, including humans. Respiratory illnesses and heart diseases are just two of the possible effects of being around highly polluted areas, especially in children and the elderly ("Oil (petroleum),"…

    • 1538 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Effects of Oil Spills
    • 339 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Effects of Oil Spills

    There are 3 main ways to separate oil from water and 3 absorbents that can be used. The first way to remove oil is A belt, hose or disc, moves through a layer of oil, which causes the oil to adhere to the surface and be carried off. The second way is to Coalesce which is when smaller oil drops in an oil/water mixture will separate slowly or not at all. Coalescing media is placed in an oil separator to catch and accumulate the finer oil drops then merge them into larger drops that separate quickly. The third way is where the three absorbents come in which is Gravity separation, which is a fancy way of saying the oil and water layers are prominent. Two of three of the absorbents are fairly fast at removing oil. The third, well helps decompose the oil faster. The first absorbent is human hair, most people can see why because it grasp onto oil and keeps it but that way is kind of messy. The second absorbent is Saw dust which is a little cleaner then the hair but just about as messy. The third way which dose not really absorb as much as decompose the oil is using pure nitrogen and phosphorus to form little Tar balls which aren’t as deadly to the environment as the liquid crude oil. But no there is a forth absorbent let to be endorsed by the government. It is a polymer called WENV-250 and it was developed by a scientist to remove oil more defiantly. The polymer is non toxic so it may be used to put on birds feathers then simply pulled…

    • 339 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Env 100 Environmental Pollutants Sewage and Fossil Fuels
    • 1784 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Env 100 Environmental Pollutants Sewage and Fossil Fuels

    In this paper, Team D will discuss the effects that sewage and crude oil have on the quality of air, soil, and water, environmental biological diversity, disposal methods, and alternative solutions toward the use of crude oil (University of Phoenix, 2013, Week Five Syllabus).…

    • 1784 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    BP Oil Spill
    • 709 Words
    • 3 Pages

    BP Oil Spill

    Tests demonstrated that fertilizer application sustained higher numbers of oil-degrading microorganisms in oiled shorelines and that rates of biodegradation were enhanced, as evidenced by the chemical changes detected in recovered oil from treated and untreated reference sites. As a result of the EPA-Exxon and joint monitoring projects, bioremediation of oil contaminated beaches was shown to be a safe clean-up technology. The addition of fertilizers caused no acute toxicity to sensitive marine test species, and did not cause the release of un-degraded oil residues from the beaches (EPA,…

    • 709 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Effects Of Enormous Harm On Fishing
    • 110 Words
    • 1 Page

    Effects Of Enormous Harm On Fishing

    Enormous harm can come to the deep ocean and coastal fishing or fisheries from oil spills. Instant effects of the toxins and smothering oil waste may be mass mortality and pollution of fish and other marine species, although long term biological effects could be worse. Sensitive marine-life and coastal organic substrates are poisoned by the very oil spills that occur. This effects the food chain on which the fish and other sea creatures depend on; in which there reproductive success is interrupted. Wildlife other than fish and sea creatures, such as, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and birds that either live in or near the ocean are also poisoned by oil waste.…

    • 110 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Drinking water habit
    • 1524 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Drinking water habit

    Human’s activities in agriculture, industry or daily life cause negative effects to the environment, especially the quality of the groundwater and water in rivers or lakes. Levallois et al (1998) stated that using too much chemical fertilizers in agriculture has contaminated the groundwater. The groundwater has not been safe to drink as it had been in the past.…

    • 1524 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Offshore Drilling
    • 1541 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Offshore Drilling

    Does anything out weigh the importance of our planet’s health? You would be surprised by the number of people who look the other way when it comes to keeping the planet clean. Offshore drilling is just one of the major environmental issues that has existed for many years and still continues to be a problem. The topic of offshore drilling not only touches on environmental issues but also political, economic, and ethical issues. All of these tie into the huge debate over offshore drilling and its impacts on the environment. But when the human race depends on oil, how can we ignore the fact of drilling for oil off the coast of our land. Investing in greenhouse energy is just one of several ways to help keep the environment clean and continue to get the energy we need. America needs to realize that offshore drilling is a leading factor in pollution and we can’t keep collecting oil like this forever, we need to discontinue this process of drilling off shore and expand our possible options of renewable energy.…

    • 1541 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    oil spill
    • 4269 Words
    • 18 Pages

    oil spill

    In the recent years there have been occurrences of oil spills in several locations within our country. Knowing that these have adverse effects on our environment and the ecosystem as a whole, we’ve always been in search of ways to counter this major problem. The damages we receive from an oil spill far exceed our expectations. Once oil contaminates our waters it takes time to clean up.…

    • 4269 Words
    • 18 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More

Related Topics