Chapter 1 - Scientific Methods Objectives 1. Demonstrate a basic knowledge of classroom/science safety. 2. Understand the purpose of a hypothesis‚ and identify when a hypothesis should be used. 3. Be able to identify the independent and dependent variables in a formalized hypothesis. 4. Differentiate between an observation and an inference. 5. Contrast quantitative and qualitative observations. 6. Given a data table‚ draw and label a graph. Including a title‚ labeled units‚ and legend. 7
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Cell Organelles Nucleus Its function is to control the cell’s activities and retain the chromosomes. The nucleus is bound by a double membrane‚ the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope has pores in it to allow the transport of mRNA. The cytoplasm like material is called nucleoplasm which contains chromatin (coils of DNA and histone proteins)‚ it is chromatin that condenses to form chromosomes during cell division. Within the nucleus is a small spherical body called the nucleolus which
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protects the genetic material. Without organelles (only ribosomes) Presence of membrane-bound organelles Smaller in size Types: plant and animal ANIMAL CELLS PLANT CELLS Cell walls absent Cell walls made of cellulose Chloroplast never present Chloroplast present Centrioles present Centrioles absent Variety of shapes Regular shapes Small vacuoles throughout the cytoplasm Often one large central vacuole Nucleus anywhere but often in the centre Nucleus at the edge of the cell
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Cell Wall- The cell wall is a rigid structure outside the cell membrane that supports and protects the cell. The cell wall is made of tough cellulose fibers and other materials made by the cell. Analogy- In a restaurant the building itself supports the restaurant. It is often made of wood or concrete. Cell Membrane- The cell membrane is a structure that forms the outer boundary of the cell and allows only certain materials to move into and out of the cell. Food‚ oxygen and water move into
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atmosphere and how it is stored. I will explore the main processes in the carbon cycle – photosynthesis‚ respiration‚ plants‚ animals‚ decomposition‚ oceans‚ fossil fuels‚ and volcanism – and how they interlink together to form a complete and full cycle. Photosynthesis is a complex reaction‚ where plants (and some bacteria) release oxygen to change water and carbon dioxide to sugar for food. During photosynthesis plants and phytoplankton take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by absorbing it into
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENT CELLULAR STRUCTURES CELLULAR STRUCTURES COMPOSITION (Biomolecule) LOCATION (in relation to the cell) NUMBER and DISTRIBUTION PRESENCE/ABSENCE IN ORGANISMS PROCESSES INVOLVED (functions) BODY STRUCTURE/ ORGAN functionally similar to and why? CELL MEMBRANE Glycoprotein Phospholipids Cholesterol Glycolipids Peripheral protein Integral protein Structural Protein Receptor Protein Transport Protein Outer Side of the Cell - Maintains the physical
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enough carbon dioxide to produce one glucose molecule? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 6 Acetyl-CoA is the final product of which stage of cellular respiration? A. Pyruvate oxidation. B. ETC. C. Krebs cycle. D. Glycolysis. Which statement is true regarding C4 photosynthesis? A. It involves the stomata opening at night and closing in the day. B. It occurs in cool‚ moist environments. C. It uses PEP carboxylase to fix CO2 in the mesophyll cells. D. It occurs in cacti and pineapples. Which statement regarding cellular
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Name __________________________________ AP Biology Period _________ Date ______________________ AP: LAB-RELATED AP EXAM ESSAYS LAB 1. OSMOSIS AND DIFFUSION ESSAY 1992 A laboratory assistant prepared solutions of 0.8 M‚ 0.6 M‚ 0.4 M‚ and 0.2 M sucrose‚ but forgot to label them. After realizing the error‚ the assistant randomly labeled the flasks containing these four unknown solutions as flask A‚ flask B‚ flask C‚ and flask D. Design an experiment‚ based on the principles of diffusion
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1. What organic molecules make up the largest part of a cell membrane? a. Lipids 2. Which of the following is presumed to have been engulfed by an ancestral eukaryote and became a eukaryote organ? b. Chloroplast 3. Which of the following is correct about mitochondria? c. Most cells plants contain a mitochondria 4. Horse eating hay is an example of? d. a consumer eating a producer 5. Structure of ATP is MOST similar to the structure of? e. RNA molecules
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BIOLOGY LAB REPORT NAME :princess cucumber TOPIC : 3.8 & 8.2 : PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS RESEARCH QUESTION INTRODUCTION The photosynthetic pigments are responsible for absorbing and trapping light energy the major pigments of photosynthesis are the chlorophylls. The two chlorophylls found in green plants are chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. other pigments include carotenoids and phycobilins‚ sometimes referred to as accessory pigments. Carotenoids occur in all photosynthetic organisms‚ while
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