of the value chain is referred to as horizontal integration. This form of expansion contrasts with vertical integration by which the firm expands into upstream or downstream activities. Horizontal growth can be achieved by internal expansion or by external expansion through mergers and acquisitions of firms offering similar products and services. A firm may diversify by growing horizontally into unrelated businesses. Some examples of horizontal integration include: * The Standard
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Vertical integration is the process in which several steps in the production and/or distribution of a product or service are controlled by a single company or entity‚ in order to increase that company’s or entity’s power in the marketplace. Simply said‚ every single product that you can think of has a big life cycle. While you might recognize the product with the Brand name printed on it‚ many companies are involved in developing that product. These companies are necessarily not part of the brand
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Firm Reputation and Horizontal Integration∗ Hongbin Cai† Ichiro Obara‡ March 14‚ 2008. Abstract We study effects of horizontal integration on firm reputation. In an environment where customers observe only imperfect signals about firms’ effort/quality choices‚ firms cannot maintain good reputation and earn quality premium forever. Even when firms choose high quality‚ there is always a possibility that a bad signal is observed. Thus‚ firms must give up their quality premium‚ at least temporarily
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COMPANY BACKGROUND Pepsi is Pvt. Limited Company. It is a franchise of Pepsi cola international. It first came to Pakistan in 1960‚ but they did not do well at that time. So they packed off and went back. In 1969‚ Pepsi came back but still their appearance was not satisfactory in the market so they approached Pakistan beverages to take the franchise for Pepsi. And from that day onwards it took Pakistan beverages a period of 5 years to knock down coke from the No.1 position and in 1985 they
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PROJECT REPORT ON RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION OF PEPSICO (HYDERABAD) Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement For the award of the degree of MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BY Name: N.ARCHANA Register no: 08S11E0004 Project report
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on their website showing the cycle in which the company operates ("Overview" ).  The company’s website also tells how the brands are over one hundred years old‚ yet the corporation is relatively young ("Overview" ). PepsiCo was formed when Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay merged in 1965 ("Overview" ). In 1998‚ Tropicana was added to PepsiCo. ("Overview" ). Followed by that merge was the Quaker Oats Company and Gatorade in 2001 giving the company a sorted variety of beverage lines ("Overview" ). With
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selling in over 190 nations. It has been present in India since 1990 and is involved in business of manufacture & selling of foods & beverages. It has 3 divisions viz * Carbonated beverages division which sells leading CSD brands such as Pepsi ‚ Mirinda ‚ Mountain Dew ‚ Slice ‚ Nimbooz ‚ Twister. * Frito Lay India which sells leading food brands such as Frito Lay ‚ Uncle Chipps ‚ Cheetos ‚ Kurkure & Quaker Oats. * Tropicana beverages which sells the non-carbonated range of healthy
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PepsiCo - Procedures Ensuring Ethical Behaviour PepsiCo is committed to ensure the corporate standards accountability for the company actions. This is evident by the many corporate governance standards in place. The processes and policies that are in place include the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation‚ By-Laws‚ Compensation Committee Charter‚ Corporate Governance Guidelines‚ Disclosure Committee Charter and the Policy for Audit‚ Audit-Related and Non-Audit Services. The
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Responsible and Sustainable Sourcing Guidelines for Supplier Relations Performance with Purpose We are delighted to offer the world’s largest portfolio of billion-dollar food and beverage brands that compete globally and leverage our scale and distribution power. PepsiCo has 18 brands in our portfolio that generate $1 billion or more in annual retail sales. Indra K. Nooyi Chairman and CEO of PepsiCo 2 Responsible Sourcing Guidelines Financial achievement can and must go hand-in-hand with sustainability
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Ryan Ricker 12 PEPSI CO Product and Distribution Strategy PepsiCo is a multinational food and beverage company. Operating in over 200 countries‚ it is the second largest company of its kind in the world. It can be systemized into four divisions‚ PepsiCo Americas Foods‚ PepsiCo Americas Beverages‚ PepsiCo Europe and PepsiCo Asia‚ Middle East and Africa. Furthermore PepsiCo is organized into six reportable segments‚ which are‚ Frito-Lay North America‚ Quaker Foods North America‚ Latin America
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