homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/JMGM Genome wide analysis and comparative docking studies of new diaryl furan derivatives against human cyclooxygenase-2‚ lipoxygenase‚ thromboxane synthase and prostacyclin synthase enzymes involved in inflammatory pathway P. Nataraj Sekhar a‚ L. Ananda Reddy a‚*‚ Marc De Maeyer b‚ K. Praveen Kumar c‚ Y.S. Srinivasulu c‚ M.S.L. Sunitha a‚ I.S.N. Sphoorthi d‚ G. Jayasree d‚ V. Srikanth e‚ A. Maruthi Rao f‚ V.S. Kothekar g‚ Inder Konka h‚ P.V.B.S. Narayana i‚ P.B. Kavi
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Metabolism refers to the biochemical assimilation (in anabolic pathways) and dissimilation (in catabolic pathways) of nutrients by a cell. Like in other organisms‚ in yeast these processes are mediated by enzymic reactions‚ and regulation of the underlying pathways have been studied in great detail in yeast. Anabolic pathways include reductive processes leading to the production of new cellular material‚ while catabolic pathways are oxidative processes which remove electrons from substrates
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1‚6-bisphosphate to 2 mol of pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway results in a net formation of: a) b) c) d) e) 1 mol of NAD+ and 2 mol of ATP. 1 mol of NADH and 1 mol of ATP. 2 mol of NAD+ and 4 mol of ATP. 2 mol of NADH and 2 mol of ATP. 2 mol of NADH and 4 mol of ATP. 3. Which of the following statements is not true concerning glycolysis in anaerobic muscle? a) b) c) d) e) Fructose 1‚6-bisphosphatase is one of the enzymes of the pathway. It is an endergonic process. It results in net synthesis
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Monosaccharides are either aldehydes or ketones Aldoses – monosaccharides that contain aldehydes Ketoses – monosaccharides that contain ketones d) Also classified by number of carbons: 3 carbons – trioses‚ 4 carbons – tetroses‚ 5 C’s – pentoses‚ 6 C’s – hexoses‚ 7 C’s – heptoses Each of these exist in 2 series: aldotrioses and ketotrioses‚ aldotetroses and ketotetroses‚ aldopentoses and ketopentoses‚ aldohexoses and ketohexoses‚ aldoheptoses and ketoheptoses B. Stereochemistry a)
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5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION RESULT The enzyme 6-phosphogluconate is the significant enzyme in the oxidation phase of pentose phosphate pathway. The homogenate was made by adding the buffer to the liver of the quail after one hour centrifuge at 12300 RPM materializing at 4°C. Precipitation protein was working by ammonium sulfate; it loaded directly to column 2’‚ 5’ ADP Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography‚ which has been a high affinity to NADP+ substrate. The flow rate of elution was 23 ml/hr
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Introduction 1. Definition 2. Catabolism 3. Anabolism B. Coupling of Cellular Reaction 1. Free Energy Change 2. Calories 3. Exergonic Reactions 4. Endergonic Reactions C. Oxidation and Energy Production 1. Oxidation 2. Reduction D. Biochemical Pathways for Glucose Catabolism 1. Aerobic Respiration Page 1 2. Anaerobic Respiration 3. Fermentation E. Catabolism of Other Macromolecules 1. Catabolism of Lipids 2. Catabolism of Proteins F. Photosynthesis Page 2 BIO 2924 Mr. Smith
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enhanced production of uric acid and as a consequence hyperuricemia and gout. A glucose 6- phosphatase deficiency can result in Von Gierke disease. The inability to dephosphorylate glucose 6-phosphate leads to an increased activity in the pentose phosphate pathway. Enchanced production of ribose 5 phosphate results in substrate level activation of PRPP synthase. This in turn‚ as described above‚ can lead to hyperuricemia and
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membrane 1. Membrane lipid 2. Membrane skeleton 3. Peripheral proteins 4. Integral proteins 2. RBC metabolism 1. Glycolytic (Embden-Meyerhof) pathway 2. Hexose monophosphate shunt 3. Rapoport-Luebering pathway 2.4 Methemoglobin reductase pathwa 3. Hemoglobin 3.1 Hemoglobin structure 3.2 Hemoglobin synthesis 3.3 Genetic control of hemoglobin structure
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metabolism of aromatic compounds Kandler O (1983) Carbohydrate metabolism in lactic acid bacteria. Konings WN‚ Lolkema JS‚ Bolhuis H et al. (1997) The role of transport processes in survival of lactic acid bacteria Ljungdahl LG (1994) The acetyl-CoA pathway and the chemiosmotic generation of ATP during acetogenesis Mu¨ller V and Gottschalk G (1994) The sodium ion cycle in acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria: generation and utilization of a primary Thauer RK‚ Jungermann K and Decker K (1977) Energy conservation
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translocation of substances need transporter protein and E Endocytosis Phagocytosis: Pseudopods extend & engulf particles Pinocytosis: Membrane folds inward bringing in fluid & dissolved substances Inclusions Metachromatic granules (volutin)‚ phosphate Polysaccharide granules Lipid inclusions Sulfur granules Carboxysomes: ribulose 1‚5-diphosphate carboxylase for CO2 fixation Gas vacuoles: protein covered cylinder Magnetosomes: Iron oxide kills H2O2 Nuclear Area: no nucleus has nucleoid
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