D. DNA Name the four bases in DNA and describe the structure of DNA using the following terms: The four bases of DNA are adenine‚ thymine‚ guanine‚ and cytosine. nucleotide (sugar‚ phosphate‚ base) Sugar: pentose deoxyribose; phosphate: phosporic acid‚ nitrogen base (A‚ T‚ G‚ C) complementary base pairing A-T; G-C joined by hydrogen bonds. Purines (with double ring) always bond with a pyrimidine (single ring). double helix Double spiral; three dimensional hydrogen bonding Hydrogen
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BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Global Edition Campbell • Reece • Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson 5 Biological Macromolecules and Lipids Topic 1 Biological Molecules (Part 4) Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick © 2015 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Learning Outcome a) Describe structure and composition of nucleic acids‚ DNA and RNA. b) Discuss the importance of base pairing and hydrogen bonding. ©© 2015 Pearson Education Ltd 2011 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Concept
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In this experiment‚ we strove to determine how effective different sugars were in fermentation by measuring their CO2 emissions. An increased CO2 production implies the substrate is undergoing glycolysis more often‚ resulting in increased ATP synthesis. For a more accurate interpretation of the results‚ glucose acted as a positive control‚ displaying the most efficiency in fermentation as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2‚ while ethanol‚ which is a byproduct of fermentation‚ acted as a negative control
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a complementary set of bases on the strand being synthesized. * The new strands are assembled from deoxynucleoside triphosphates. * Each incoming nucleotide is covalently linked to the "free" 3’ carbon atom on the pentose (figure) as * the second and third phosphates are removed together as a molecule. * The nucleotides are assembled in the order that complements the order of bases on the strand serving as the template. * Thus each C on the template guides the insertion of a G on
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Derivatives of Shikimic Acid Avian Flu Sickness‚ Medications Oseltamivir and Shikimic Acid’s Role in Synthesis Production of Shikimic Acid Extracting Shikimic Acid from the Plant Chemical Synthesis of Shikimic Acid Biosynthesis & Shikimic Acid Pathway Fermentation of Shikimic Acid using Microorganisms Contrasting Production Methods & Advantages of Fermentative method Investigating Appropriate Strains Results & Future Aspects of Shikimic Acid Fermentation References Acknowledgement
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New cells arise by division of existing cells Cell division occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells by mitosis and meiosis Replacement of the entire lining of your small intestine Liver cells only divide for repairing Nerve cells do not divide Chromosomes Long and thin for replication and decoding Become short and fat prior mitosis → easier to separate due to compact form Meiosis (reduction division) During the production of sex cells (gametes) in animals In spore formation which precedes
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energy. They consist of only one single sugar molecule. A simple sugar can have a carbon backbone of three to seven carbons. Glucose‚ with six carbon atoms‚ is a hexose (Mader‚ 2010). Ribose and deoxyribose‚ both with five carbon atoms‚ are pentoses and are also found in RNA and DNA. A disaccharide contains two monosaccharides that have joined together during a dehydration reaction. Sucrose is a disaccharide of distinction because it’s the basic sugar we use at home as table sugar (Mader
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Basic chemistry of a cell Properties of water – – – Life on Earth began in water and evolved there for 3 billion years before spreading onto land. Modern life‚ even terrestrial life‚ remains tied to water. All living organisms require water more than any other substance. Human beings for example‚ can survive for quite for a few weeks without food‚ but only a week or so without water. – – – Water is deceptively simple. It is shaped something like a wide V‚ with its two hydrogen atoms joined
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consist of three parts --- a pentose sugar‚ a nitrogen-containing base‚ and a phosphate group. A pentose sugar is a five-sided sugar. Deoxyribose has a hydrogen atom attached to its #2 carbon atom (designated 2’)‚ and ribose has a hydroxyl group atom there. Deoxyribose-containing nucleotides are the monomers of DNA RNA Nucleotide [pic] The left picture shows the nucleotide unit of RNA. Nucleotides differ from nucleosides in that they have phosphate groups. Nucleotides can exist
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• A phosphate group III. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) A. Has a double helix B. Composed of repeating Nucleotides connected together C. Guanine → Cytosine D. Thymine →Adenine E. Linked by hydrogen bonds F. Sugar and phosphate make up the side of the ladder IV. Scientists A. Francis Crick and James Watson → Acclaimed for the discovery of the double helix structure and used Rosalind Franklins Work B. She used mathematical formulas and applied them to machine Question 1 Phosphate‚ Pentose
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