BCH 3023 – Fall 2008 Final Exam‚ 12/8/2008 Name: _________________________________ 1. The GTP analog‚ ‚-imidoguanosine 5’-triphosphate (Gpp(NH)p)‚ shown below‚ cannot be hydrolyzed between the and phosphates. Predict the effect of microinjection of Gpp(NH)p of G-protein coupled signaling. O N NH O O H N P OO O P OH OH OH O H N N NH2 - O P O- O H H a. Gpp(NH)p is a substrate for adenylate cyclase and‚ thus‚ will decrease the intracellular concentration of
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trypanosomatids (10) (11). Besides‚ the Rpi plays a central role in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) that is responsible for the production of nucleotide precursors and NADPH. The latter one is critical for the protection of trypanosomatids against oxidative stress and for biosynthetic reactions. In the PPP‚ the Rpi enzyme catalyzes the reversible isomerization reaction between D-ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) and D-ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P) (12) (13) (14)
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Chapter 18 1 Takusagawa’s Note© Chapter 18: Photosynthesis 1. CHLOROPLASTS - Photosynthesis is carried out at chloroplasts. Structure of chloroplast Outer membrane Stroma lamellae Inner membrane Thylakoid Chloroplast Granum Dark reaction Stroma Light reaction - Composition of innermembrane and granum membrane are unusual. - Phospholipid (negatively charged) ~10% - Neutral lipid (galactose) ~80% Photosynthesis occurs in two distinct phases: 1. Light reactions --- Generates
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Question 1 1. Environmental changes can result in the inactivation of enzymes. Answer True False 1 points Question 2 1. Hydrolases are generally involved in __________ reactions. Answer anabolic catabolic both anabolic and catabolic neither anabolic nor catabolic oxidation-reduction 2 points Question 3 1. Which of the following types of carrier molecules is NOT found in electron transport chains? Answer ubiquinones hemoglobin flavoproteins
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Enzymology: Enzyme as catalysts‚ enzyme kinetics‚ inhibitor effects‚ enzyme regulations‚ allosteric enzymes (after mid-sem break) 4. Energetics and metabolisms: Bioenergetic principles‚ carbohydrate metabolisms (glycolysis)‚ TCA cycle‚ pentose phosphate pathway‚ gluconeogenesis and photosynthesis‚ fatty acid oxidation Course synopsis This course will cover two distinct areas of Biochemistry. The first part will provide an introduction of the basic structure of a living cell and its organelles
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The essential features of the Watson-Crick model are summarised below. 1. The two helical polynucleotide chains are coiled around a common axis. The two chains have opposite polarity i.e. they are antiparrallel. 2. The regular repeating sugar phosphate backbone of each strand lies on the outside of the helix. The purine and pyrimidine bases project inwards at 900 to the axis of the helix. 3. The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonding between pairs of bases such that guanine always
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University of Cambridge‚ began examining x-ray images made by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. In 1953‚ James and Francis constructed the first three-dimensional model of the DNA structure. The model showed all nitrogenous bases‚ pentoses (sugar)‚ and phosphate groups. Several years later‚ James Watson‚ Francis Crick‚ and Maurice Wilkins received the Nobel Prize for
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(oxidative phosphorylation). For example‚ NAD+ + 2H → NADH + H+. NAD‚ a cofactor for dehydrogenases‚ reductases‚ and hydroxyalses that carries protons and electrons‚ is reduced to NADH‚ an oxidative cofactor used by eukaryotes. NADH is used in metabolic pathways like glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis. LEO says GER. Lose electrons oxidation‚ Gain electron reduction. Know the general time line for biology and evolution on the Earth; What major events altered evolution especially in terms of microbially
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Amino acids are some of the most important building blocks used in nature‚ to construct larger molecules. Another type of building block is the nucleotides‚ each of which consists of three components: either a purine or pyrimidine base‚ a pentose sugar and a phosphate group. These nucleotides‚ mainly‚ form the nucleic acids. Besides the polymeric biomolecules‚ numerous small organic molecules are absorbed or synthesised by living systems. Many biomolecules may be useful or important drugs. Types of
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change in the pH environment surrounding a protein could affect the proteins’: a. b. c. d. e. amino acid sequence overall shape overall structure function b‚ c‚ & d 26.. DNA and RNA contain: a. amyloses b. hexoses. c. fructoses. d. maltoses. e. pentoses. 27. Which of the following nitrogenous bases represent a pyrimidine? a. b. c. d. e. adenine cytosine guanine thymine
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