Preparing Esters by esterification method using carboxylic acid to an alcohol‚ which is 1.0 ml of ethanoic acid to the ethanol‚ and ethanoic acid to the propan-1-ol‚ also adding H2SO4 as a catalyst for the reaction Abstract: Esters are a group of organic compound‚ famous for their interesting odours and smells. In this investigation student used ethanoic acid and ethanol with sulfuric acid as catalyst to produce ester‚ which was known of its smell. However it was expected to have a pleasant smell
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usually fixed into paraffin. Microscopic analysis of cells and tissues requires the preparation of very thin‚ high quality sections mounted on glass slides and properly stained to demonstrate normal and abnormal structures. Tissue processing may be performed manually or with the help of automated tissue processor. This process is important so that the tissue specimen can be sectioned easily. The main steps in this process are dehydration and clearing.
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think that paraffin will give off the most energy when burned because it has more carbon atoms and carbon chains so it will be harder to break these chains making it harder to burn. Although it is harder to burn because it has more chains and carbon atoms it will release a lot of energy than the rest. Also because it is a polymer it has more chains than we can count so it should have lost of energy. However the butanol could be the fuel to produce the most energy because although the paraffin is a polymer
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in yeast Apparatus and Materials: boiling tubes‚ delivery tube‚ bungs‚ sugar‚ yeast‚ lime water‚ liquid paraffin‚ Bunsen burner Procedure: Water was first boiled in the boiling tube. A small amount of sugar was then dissolved into the boiled water‚ which was allowed to cool. A little bit of yeast was added then stirred. Apparatus was set up as shown in Figure 4. A layer of liquid paraffin was added to the surface of yeast/sugar mixture using the pipette. The apparatus was left in a warm place
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• Types of mixtures: uniform and non-uniform mixtures. • Provide definitions for the following terms: i. Solutions i.e. alloys as solid solutions and air as gaseous solution. ii. Solvent i.e. water as a universal solvent‚ ethanol‚ etc. iii. Solute. iv. Filtrate. v. Residue. vi. Immiscible and miscible liquids. vii. Distillate. viii. Sublimation i.e. examples of substances that sublime – iodine‚ ammonium salts‚ iron (III) chloride
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HISTOPATHOLOGY: PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR screening test for cervical cancer invented by George Papanicolaou(Father of Cytopathology)when he found out that cells in the cervix change before they become cancerous. recommended starting 21 y/o to 65 y/o Speculum – instrument used in the test Importance/Clinical Siginificance: For early detection of small tumors or pre-malignant cells in the cervix that may lead to cervical cancer. Specimen: cells in the cervix; the doctor or nurse starts
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Moving through the surrounding safely is the central to survival for almost all species including humans. This manoeuvring is mainly dependent on learning and remembering locations. The allocentric navigation involves mainly the hippocampus (Vorhees et al‚ 2014). Lesions‚ pharmacological inhibition‚ long-term potentiation (LTP) saturation‚ the act of learning itself within the hippocampus can result in impaired spatial learning and memory (Whitlock et al‚ 2006 and Suh et al 2011). Morris water
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THE COSMETICS INDUSTRY Few cosmetic ingredients are manufactured in New Zealand‚ and the cosmentic industry here involves mainly blending and packaging. However a wide range of products is made by a considerable number of companies. In this article the following products are discussed: • Surfactant mixtures for cleaning - shampoos‚ bubble baths‚ facial scrubs etc. • Stabilised emulsions - moisterisers‚ sunscreens etc. • Concealer products - make up • Alcoholic and hydroalcoholic solutions - colognes
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liquids‚ the reverse process can be used to separate gases by liquefying components using changes in temperature and/or pressure. Distillation is used for many commercial processes‚ such as production of gasoline‚ distilled water‚ xylene‚ alcohol‚ paraffin‚ kerosene‚ and many other liquids. Types of distillation include simple distillation (described here)‚ fractional distillation (different volatile ’fractions’ are collected as they are produced)‚ and destructive distillation (usually‚ a material
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electrolytes and soluble‚ demonstrating that that part of our conclusion was correct. However‚ two ionic compounds were shown to be acids (Copper(II) Sulfate and Potassium Carbonate). All but one of the molecular compounds were soluble‚ the exception being Paraffin Wax. However‚ we were wrong in our hypothesis that no molecular compounds were electrolytes‚ as the two acids (Sulfuric acid and Hydrochloric acid) were electrolytes. Our hypothesis that the molecular compounds could be acids or bases was correct
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