a) OUTLINE one explanation for institutional aggression (5 marks) AO1 description. b) evaluate the explanation for institutional aggression outlined in part a) (20 marks) A. Aggression between humans has both impersonal and institutional aggressions. Institutional aggression may occur within institutions like prisons‚ army or psychiatric hospitals. The interpersonal factors - the ’importance model’ suggested that prisoners when they get put into the jail they bring their own social history
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According to the biological approach the mental disorder Schizophrenia will have an underlying physical cause such as imbalance of hormones‚ brain damage and infection. There is strong evidence that biological factors influence the presence of Schizophrenia. There are certain chemical abnormalities that can be observed in people suffering from schizophrenia. Post-mortems on schizophrenics have shown unusually high levels of dopamine. Dopamine is a brain chemical that increases the sensitivity of
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OUTLINE AND EVALUATE EVOLUTIONARY EXPLANATIONS OF FOOD PREFERENCES (4 MARKS + 16 MARKS) Outline (A01) Tastes experiences come from our taste receptors. These make us sensitive to a range of taste qualities. For example‚ sweet foods are usually associated with carbohydrates that are a great source of energy. Sour food allows us to identify food that has gone off and would therefore contain harmful bacteria. Salt food is vital for the function of our cells. Bitter tastes are associated with
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Describe and Evaluate Two Social Psychological Theories of Aggression One social psychological theory of aggression is based on the Social Learning Theory. It is the behavioural approach‚ which suggests that all behaviours‚ such as aggression are learnt‚ through observation and imitation‚ the theory suggests that there are various steps which need to take place in order for aggression to be learnt. First of all‚ attention needs to be paid to the aggressive behaviour‚ it is then important for the
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Outline and evaluate two social psychological explanations There are two social psychological approaches to aggression. These are social learning theory (SLT) and deindividuation theory (DT). Both these theories stress that aggression is a learnt process‚ they believe that aggression is due to our nurture and not in our nature. They dispute the biological approach to aggression. Social learning theory was proposed by Alburt Bandura. He used the word modeling to explain how humans can quickly learn
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Outline and Evaluate the Main Psychological Explanations of Forgetting in both the Short and Long Term Memory Psychologists study memory because it is important to understand how a person remembers‚ how they forget‚ and whether memory is reliable source of past information; this research is particularly important in the case of eyewitness testimonies. Memory is the process whereby a person holds on to information they have experienced. Psychologists categorise memory into 3 processes; encoding
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Outline and evaluate the evolutionary explanation for gender roles Gender refers to culturally constructed distinctions between femininity and masculinity. Individuals are born female or male but they become feminine or masculine through complex developmental processes that take many years to unfold. For example‚ women usually look after babies while men are the providers. The evolutionary approach argues that gender role division appears as an adaptation to the challenges faced by the ancestral
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Outline and evaluate two social psychological theories of aggression Bandura’s Social Learning Theory suggests that acts of aggression are learnt through the observation of role models. His original “Bobo Doll” study showed that when exposed to aggressive behaviour small children copied this behaviour‚ not just by being physically aggressive but even copying the verbally aggressive behaviour. However this study focuses on children who are supposed to learn in this manner‚ this doesn’t demonstrate
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Outline and evaluate one social psychological theory of aggression (24) One social-psychological theory of aggression is Bandura’s Social Learning Theory (SLT)‚ which suggests that people learn behaviour by not only direct reinforcement and punishment but also by observing the behaviour of others. If a person observes aggressive behaviour from a model figure‚ they may imitate this behaviour‚ especially if they identify or look up to the model. This does not necessarily mean that the aggressive behaviour
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Psychologists have put forward different explanations of attachment‚ such as learning theory and Bowlby’s theory. Outline and evaluate one or more explanations of attachment One explanation of attachment is Bowlby’s theory who described attachment as "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings" Bowlby believed that the earliest bonds formed by children with their caregivers have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life. According to Bowlby‚ attachment also serves to
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