ability to use aggressive behaviour to get what they want. Children who are confident that they will be able to use aggressive behaviour effectively to achieve their ends are high in self-efficacy; those with less confidence in their ability to use aggression are low in self-efficiency and may decide to use other methods. The social learning theory is supported by Bandura et al.‚ who found that children who observed a model behaviour behaving aggressively towards a Bobo doll were more likely to reproduce
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Describe and evaluate social explanations of aggression. Aggression can be defined in many different ways. Bandura suggests that it is the intent to cause harm to another human being who is motivated to avoid such treatment. One of the main social psychological explanations of aggression comes from Bandura and Walters in 1963. He suggests that aggression is learned either indirectly; through observational learning and only replicated if vicarious reinforcement occurs‚ or directly- where aggressive
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Outline and Evaluate explanations of Institutional Aggression. Institutional Aggression can be defined as aggressive behaviour that occurs within an institution and is motivated by social forces‚ rather than anger or frustration. An institution usually refers to an organisation or place of confinement with its own social roles where behaviour is formally restricted and under the control of specific staff; for example‚ prisons‚ hospitals‚ army camps and boarding schools. The ‘importation model’
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Outline and evaluate one or more social psychological explanations for aggression. There are many social psychological explanations for aggression that try and explain the cause of aggression. The social learning theory originated from work by Tarde who looked at key characteristics of imitation and the ways in which our social behaviours and responses could be shaped by the actions of others. Bandura developed this theory and thought it had four basic processes; attention‚ retention‚ reproduction
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Hwk – Outline and evaluate explanations of conformity (8 marks) AO1: Conformity is a form of social influence and is the tendency to copy other people’s behaviour and attitudes from within a group. Normative social influence occurs when a person desires to be liked and accepted by a group. They will publicly conform and change their behaviour but they will still privately reject their views. This change in behaviour is often temporary as this type of social influence leads to compliance.
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Outline & Evaluate one or more Explanations of Why People Obey. There are many reasons as to why people obey which have been justified gradually over several decades. Milgram (1974) argued the fact that in an obedience situation‚ people tend to pass all sense of responsibility onto the authoritative figure. Milgram said that people are in an autonomous state when taking their responsibility but move into an agentic state when passing this responsibility to an authoritative figure; this shift in
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Describe and evaluate explanations of insomnia. (8 + 16 marks) Insomnia is a state where an individual experiences difficulties with their sleep. There are 5 types of insomnia; long term‚ short term‚ trouble falling asleep‚ trouble staying asleep and waking up too early. Short term insomnia usually lasts a few days or weeks‚ it tends to be caused by immediate worries such as exams‚ deaths‚ noise‚ jet lag or temporary medical conditions such as colds. Long term (chronic) insomnia is experiencing
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Outline and evaluate two social psychological explanations of human aggression (24 Marks) Deindividuation theory is a social psychological explanation of aggression. It explains how rational individuals can become aggressive hooligans in a mob or crowd as it suggests that losing their sense of identity and self awareness deindividuates people. Individuals in groups fail to see the consequences of their actions‚ and the social norms they would normally follow are forgotten and this is when aggressive
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Outline and evaluate genetic factors in aggression The use of twin studies helps explain how there could be genetic factors in aggressive behavior. There are two types of Twin‚ monozygotic (identical) and Dizygotic (non-identical). If both types are studied in terms of aggression and the M-Z twins are more similar in aggressive behaviour it would suggest there is a genetic influence on aggression. Coccaro et al found that when comparing MZ and DZ twins‚ over 50 % of variance in aggressive behaviours
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Outline and evaluate The SLT theory of aggression. Aggression is defined by Baron & Richardson (1993) as ‘any form of behaviour directed towards the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment’. According to Social Learning Theory aggressive behaviour is developed through the environment (rather than being an innate tendency – as the biological and psychoanalytical theories would suggest). If biological theories of aggression were faultless it
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