Outline and assess Realist explanation of crime and deviance. (50 marks) Left Realists provides a casual explanation for crime. Left Realists look at the individual and the causes which could have led them to commit crime. Right Realism comes from a New Right perspective which looks at the causes of crime and what can be put in place to deter criminals. The term ‘crime’ means behaviour that breaks the law. For example‚ someone who commits a crime such as murder or rape is considered a criminal.
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Outline and evaluate functionalist views of the role of the family in society. (33 Marks) Functionalists stress the positive aspect of family. In particular‚ they force on the positive role of one particular family type: the nuclear family. Murdoch (1949) claimed the family was a universal institution. He studied 250 societies and found the family‚ in some form‚ was present in all of them. This suggests that families are necessary in some way‚ whether it be for societies to survive‚ for individual
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Outline and evaluate the strange situations During the 1970’s‚ psychologist Mary Ainsworth further expanded upon Bowlby’s groundbreaking work in her now-famous "Strange Situation" study. The study involved observing children between the ages of 12 to 18 months responding to a situation in which they were briefly left alone and then reunited with their mother (Ainsworth‚ 1978). Based on these observations‚ Ainsworth concluded that there were three major styles of attachment: secure attachment‚ ambivalent-insecure
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humans‚ as well as other animals‚ are innately aggressive and this often leads to violence when conflict situations arise. Indeed‚ conflict is an expression of the aggressive component of our biology. Aggression is a fighting instinct directed against people and it often leads to violence when conflict situations arise. To begin with‚ people are prone to use violence because they have inborn learning to it as they used to live in a close-to-nature society where it was the only possibility to
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Aggression WHAT IS AGGRESSION? Textbook defines it as ‘behaviour that is intended to harm another individual’ HOWEVER‚ there are numerous examples of behaviours that exhibit aggression: murdering for money‚ verbally and physically assaulting someone‚ accidentally injuring someone‚ working persistently to sell a product‚ and many‚ many more Almost every definition that psychologists have tried to come up with for ‘aggression’ can contradict a perfect example of something that is aggressive
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dysfunctional behaviour which could be a genetic cause or a malfunction of brain structures. Although it is seen as the most common explanation for schizophrenia due to the use of drug therapy‚ it would be deterministic and reductionist to explain schizophrenia only with the biological approach since there are other numerous factors such as the ones related to the cognitive explanation or other environmental causes. Also‚ even within the biological approach‚ there are various different biological factors that
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Outline and evaluate research into maternal deprivation. (18 marks) Bowlby’s maternal deprivation hypothesis suggests that bond disruption between the infant and caregiver in the early years can have detrimental and irreversible effects on the intellectual‚ social‚ and emotional development of the child. He carried out the study on 44 juvenile thieves (that were transferred to his institution)‚ whom he compared to a group of 44 controls. It was a retrospective study using interviews and questionnaires
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racialized/ethnic/underrepresented group(s) is/are impacted? How are they impacted? How does the problem relate to Beverly Daniel Tatum’s definition of racism‚ particularly in relation to institutional policies and practices? What institutions are involved? Use the “Four themes of institutional racism” to help you evaluate how institutions perpetuate the problem. Be sure to discuss the historical processes within the relevant institutions that have led up to the contemporary conditions.
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Article Assignment #2 “See Aggression... Do Aggression.” In “See Aggression...Do Aggression” Bandura’s theoretical proposition was that he believed that children can learn to be aggressive. Bandura decided to conduct an experiment to see if he was right. He believed that if you expose a child to either a aggressive model or a nonaggressive model that the children would imitate the actions of the model. His test would show to just what extent the children mimic the behaviors displayed. In the
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Outline and Evaluate strategies for memory improvement. (12 marks) The first main memory improvement technique is the use of verbal mnemonics that focuses around words. For example acronyms‚ (where a word or sentence is formed from the initial letters of other words) e.g. - UNICEF - The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. Another technique is an acrostic (a poem or sentence where the first letter in each line/word forms the method used for the item being remembered). E-g Homework
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