for the procedure. The first step is to sort the 3 different types of candies (atoms) into 3 different isotopes. Secondly‚ we have to count all the atoms of each isotope and record the numbers
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graduation examination in mathematics. Trinity gave him a fellowship and he stayed on there‚ trying to craft mathematical models that would reveal the nature of atoms and electromagnetic forces. One hundred years ago‚ amidst glowing glass tubes and the hum of electricity‚ the British physicist J.J. Thomson went venturing into the interior of the atom. At the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University‚ Thomson was experimenting with currents of electricity inside empty glass tubes. He was investigating
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Models of the Atom: a Historical Perspective John Dalton Early Greek Theories • 400 B.C. - Democritus thought matter could not be divided indefinitely. • This led to the idea of atoms in a void. fire Democritus • 1800 -Dalton proposed a modern atomic model based on experimentation not on pure reason. All matter is made of atoms. Atoms of an element are identical. Each element has different atoms. Atoms of different elements combine in constant ratios to form compounds. • Atoms are rearranged
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that the atomic mass of an element is usually not a whole number. That happens because of isotopes. An atom that is missing a neutron or has an extra neutron is called an isotope. They are still the same element; however‚ they are just a little different from every other atom of the same element. Most of the carbon atoms in the universe are Carbon-12‚ with 6 neutrons. A small percentage of carbon atoms are Carbon-13‚ with 7 neutrons‚ and an even smaller percentage are Carbon-14 and have 8 neutrons. Carbon-13
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take a while). a) The atoms are not in motion. a.A) not moving. a.B) vibrating about a fixed position. a.C) sliding past each other. a.D) moving independently around the container. b) Is this physically possible (think Third Law of Thermodynamics)? No c) Go up to the tab that says “teacher” and change the temperature scale from Kelvin to Celsius. According to this 0 K = -273 ºC. Change the scale back to Kelvin. d) Notice the pattern of the atoms relative to each other
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electrons! The Octet Rule REMEMBER! All elements want to be like the noble gases. All elements want full electron shells. All elements want 8 valence electrons. The Octet Rule Atoms form chemical bonds so that they have an octet of valence electrons‚ either by gaining‚ losing‚ or sharing valence electrons. When atoms bond together‚ they each want a set of 8 valence electrons. NOMENCLATURE SUMMARY OF RULES!!!! IONIC/ UNIVALENT 1. Full name of metal first. 2. Name of non-metal second‚ BUT
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understand that all atoms want full shells. All atoms‚ except for noble gases‚ have valence electrons. These electrons are the ones on the outermost shell. All atoms either want to get rid of these electrons or gain enough to make a full shell. Metals‚ which are on the right side of the periodic table‚ have less than 4 valence electrons. This means they want to get rid of those electrons. Nonmetals‚ which are on the left side of the periodic table‚ have more than 4 valence electrons. These atoms want to gain
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Calculate the mass of stearic acid required to form the monolayer‚ use it to estimate the thickness of the monolayer (which is related to the length of the stearic acid molecule)‚ and then use the number of carbon atoms in stearic acid to approximate the diameter and then the volume of a carbon atom calculate a value for the Avogadro constant compare your calculated value for the Avogadro constant with a known value and determine the percent error in your value This is a general overview
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Organic Chemistry Basic Ideas: Carbon chains: Straight chains and branched chains‚ Numbering of chains and branches. Carbon Rings: Cyclic Molecules‚ Aromatic Compounds Types of Organic reactions: Combustion Addition Substitution Condensation Oxidation What is organic chemistry? Carbon compounds. Methane CH4 Hexane C6 H14 Ethane C2H 6 Heptane C7 H16 Propane C3H 8 Octane C8 H18 Butane C4H10 Nonane C9H20 Pentane C 5 H12 Decane C1 0 H22 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons
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Grade 10 Science –Chemistry Ionic Compounds Science Perspectives 10 - Section 5.6 Pages 192-195 Compound • A Pure Substance composed of two or more elements in a FIXED RATIO Ionic Compound • A compound made up of one or more positive metal ions (cations) and one or more negative non-metal ions (anions) Ionic Bond • The simultaneous strong attraction of positive and negative ions in an ionic compound. As noted‚ ionic bonding occurs between metals and non-metals. Yet‚ “why
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