Lab #4 The Synthesis of Organic Polymers CHM2123‚ Section C October 21‚ 2014 Introduction: Organic polymers are macromolecules that are composed of smaller molecules called monomers. There are two main groups of polymers: natural polymers and unnatural (synthetic) polymers. Natural polymers include proteins such as cellulose and starch and are a necessity for our existence. On the other hand‚ synthetic polymers such as the polycarbonate in our lab goggles
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Functional Groups of Organic Compounds A functional group is a specific arrangement of atoms in the HC derivative other than carbon and hydrogen. Literally‚ the functional group determines the functions of the particular HC derivative in chemical reactions. This means that the specific properties of the HC derivative are due to its functional group. Each functional group is attached to an alkyl radical (R). An alkyl radical is one H atom less than the given alkane. The alkyl radical (R) uses
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were able to get through most of it‚ and were only missing the adulterant. The first step to identify our unknown samples was to create TLC plates that should results with each known compound and 95% hexane: 5% ethyl acetate‚ 90% hexane: 10% ethyl acetate‚ or 80% hexane: 20% ethyl acetate. Each student was designated one of these concentrations of solvent as well as visualization method. After we tested and calculated the Rf values of each of the following known compounds with each concentration:
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from: http://www.stenutz.eu/chem/solv6.php?name=methylene+chloride Webmaster Webmaster. (2013). 1 - Propanol. Retrieved from: http://www.stenutz.eu/chem/solv6.php?name=1-propanol Webmaster Webmaster. (2013). Ethyl Acetate. Retrieved from: http://www.stenutz.eu/chem/solv6.php?name=ethyl+acetate Webmaster Webmaster. (2013). Hexane. Retrieved from: http://www.stenutz.eu/chem/solv6.php?name=hexane Webmaster Webmaster. (2013). 2-Butanol. Retrieved from: http://www.stenutz.eu/chem/solv6.php?name=2-butanol
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field of chemical processes‚ the reactor vessel in which the reaction process take place is the key component of the equipment.The design of the reactors is very important to the success of the production. In this experiment‚ sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate react in tubular flow reactor.Both of the reactants fed to the reactor at equimolar flowrate for a certain time.The reaction is carried out at different volumetric flowrate.The conductivity value of outlet stream is measured to determine the conversion
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Chromatography (TLC) Plating: This is a common method that is used to monitor the progress of a reaction and determine when it is complete. In our chromatography there was a stationary phase/adsorbant of Silica gel and we used mobile phases of ethyl acetate‚ hexanes‚ and a 2:8 mix of both. During the process‚ the mobile phase passes over the compound spots at the bottom and drags them up the adsorbant. The resulting spots where the compounds stop can be used to measure their polarity and solubility
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INTRODUCTION: Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group‚ -COOH. This acid acts as a weak acid‚ which can react with a strong base. Carboxylic acids form hydrogen bonds with many water molecules and are more soluble with one to four carbon atoms. Also‚ it may have an R group that consist of hydrogen or an alkyl group that changes its water solubility. Carboxylic acids with low molecular weight have odor at room temperature and higher molecular weight
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solvent Ethyl Acetate C4H8O2 88.11 0.897 -83.6 oC 77.1 oC Slightly soluble in water (~8.3g/100mL‚ 20 oC)‚ very miscible with alcohol‚ ether‚ acetone‚ benzene. Hexane C6H14 86.18 0.6548 -95 oC 69oC Immiscible with water Dichloro-methane CH2Cl2 84.93 -97 oC 40 oC 1.325 Slightly soluble in water (~1.3g/100mL‚ 20 oC)‚ very miscible with most organic solvent. Hazard 1. Ferrocene is highly flammable and it is harmful if swallowed. 2. Acetylferrocene is highly toxic if swallowed. 3. Ethyl acetate
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Experiment C: Identification and Separation of Dyes by TLC Pre-lab Properties: Ethyl acetate‚ ethanol‚ silica‚ azobenzene‚ azulene‚ 4-(p-nitrophenylazo) resorcinol‚ methyl red‚ bromocresol green (solubilities in water and ethanol) Purpose: To identify compounds from an unknown mixture using TLC Up to 100% of missed points can be recovered from this lab Watch the video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e99nsCAsJrw (MIT) TLC plates are near the main hood DO NOT BREAK CAPILLARY TUBES Keep spots small
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LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench)‚ created by National Instruments is a graphical programming language that uses icons instead of lines of text to create applications. A LabVIEW program consists of one or more virtual instruments (VIs)‚ Virtual instruments are called such because their appearance and operation often imitate actual physical instruments. The objective of developing a virtual interface that acquires data from physical instrument (pH probe) used in the monitoring
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