as a cultural anthropologist requires participant observation‚ interviews‚ and observation. (Knight) The etic and emic-orientated styles are two different styles that applied anthropologists use in their field work. The etic-orientated approach is a perspective that in ethnography uses concepts and categories for the anthropologists culture to describe another culture. (Ferraro/Andretta) The emic-orientated approach is a viewpoint in ethnography that uses the concepts and categories that are relevant
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THE EMIC VERSUS ETIC DILEMMA IN CROSS CULTURAL MARKETING RE... Page 1 of 8 THE EMIC VERSUS ETIC DILEMMA IN CROSS CULTURAL MARKETING RESEARCH: A PERSONAL CONSTRUCT THEORY PERSPECTIVE Richard E. Plank‚ Western Michigan University ABSTRACT Cross-cultural research in marketing‚ particularly involving the measurement of behaviors and attitudes using methodologies which require the respondent to respond to scale type questions‚ is difficult as well as time and resource intensive. A major issue is the
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Part 1. I believe that the major difference between the speeches were that Brutus was forward and told everything in one big piece. His speech was more complex and he got a certain point across to the crowd. In my opinion was quite ignorant and rude. Brutus addressed the crowd with an inferior tone. Brutus’ speech was also in a lecture form. On the other hand‚ Antony’s speech was kind‚ humble‚ and formal. (Your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage)He addressed the crowd as an equal. He didn’t
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Data Collection Methods. Introduction Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest‚ in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions‚ test hypotheses‚ and evaluate outcomes. Data Collection Techniques include the following: Personal Interviews Conducting personal interviews is probably the best method of data collection to gain first hand information. It is however‚ unsuitable in cases where there are
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BOC-008-0312/2007 DATA COLLECTION METHODS Methods of data collection. The term data means groups of information that represent the qualitative or quantitative attributes of a variable or set of variables. Data are typically the results of measurements and can be the basis of graphs‚ images‚ or observations of a set of variables. Data are often viewed as the lowest level of abstraction from which information and knowledge are derived. Data can be classified into primary and secondary data. In order to
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METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION BY ADEDOYIN SAMUEL ADEBAYO INTERNATIONAL BLACK SEA UNIVERSITY TBILISI - GEORGIA MA IN EDUCATION STUDENT NO:12500151 LECTURER: PROF. IRINA BAKHTADZE METHODS OF COLLECTING DATA Introduction: Data Collection is an important aspect of any type of research study. Inaccurate data collection can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. Data collection methods for impact evaluation vary along a continuum. At the one end
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Factors that influence the selection of data collection instruments Data Collection is an important aspect of any type of research study. Inaccurate data collection can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. Data collection methods for impact evaluation vary along a continuum. At the one end of this continuum are quantitative methods and at the other end of the continuum are Qualitative methods for data collection. A data collection instrument is a tool for monitoring
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Data Collection Methods OBSERVATIONS Observation is a primary method of collecting data by human‚ mechanical‚ electrical or electronics means with direct or indirect contact. As per Langley P‚ “Observations involve looking and listening very carefully. We all watch other people sometimes but we do not usually watch them in order to discover particular information about their behavior. This is what observation in social science involves.” Observation is the main source of information in the
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the researcher used Quantitative data collection methods. Using qualitative data collection method‚ it rely on random sampling and structured data collection instruments that fit diverse experiences into predetermined response categories. They produce results that are easy to summarize‚ compare‚ and generalize. Quantitative research is concerned with testing hypotheses derived from theory and/or being able to estimate the size of a phenomenon of interest. Depending on the research question‚ participants
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Data Collection Methods III Questionnaires A questionnaire is a preformatted written set of questions to which respondents record their answers usually within rather closely defined alternatives. Questionnaires are an efficient data collection mechanism when the researcher knows exactly what is required and how to measure the variables of interest. Questionnaires can be administered personally‚ mailed to the respondents‚ or electronically distributed. Guidelines for Questionnaire Design
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