Introduction Man has propagated plant material almost as long as he has cultivated the land to produce food. For a long time‚ plant material was propagated mainly by using the seeds of existing plants. Better methods were discovered over time‚ methods that allowed the farmer to retain the desirable qualities of the plant material‚ while eliminating some of the less desirable qualities. Through these methods‚ the farmer was also able to eliminate the variations between plants of the same cultivar and produce
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LEAVES BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS? A. ELIZABETH ARNOLD1 AND F. LUTZONI Department of Biology‚ Duke University‚ Durham‚ North Carolina 27708 USA Abstract. Fungal endophytes are found in asymptomatic photosynthetic tissues of all major lineages of land plants. The ubiquity of these cryptic symbionts is clear‚ but the scale of their diversity‚ host range‚ and geographic distributions are unknown. To explore the putative hyperdiversity of tropical leaf endophytes‚ we compared endophyte communities along
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Introduction: Plants have adaptations to help them survive in harsh environments; Some live in a forests where plants have to find a way to get the sunlight they require‚ some live in an aquatic environments where there is an abundance of water‚ and some live in desert environments where it is dry and very hot. These plants have different adaptations such as leaf size‚ leaf surface‚ stem size‚ and their stress level. In this lab‚ we will be discussing plants from 3 different regions; forest‚ aquatic
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When something is added to the environment which is very harmful‚ poisonous or fatal to the animal‚ people surrounding it and other living things is called as pollution. In simple term pollution is a contamination by a chemical or other pollutant that renders part of the environment unfit for intended or desired use. It is triggered by industrial and commercial waste‚ agriculture practices‚ day to day human activities and most notably‚ modes of transportation and many the other sources. Pollution
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PLANT RESPONSES TROPISM is a biological phenomenon‚ indicating growth or turning movement of a biological organism‚ usually a plant‚ in response to an environmental stimulus. In tropisms‚ this response is dependent on the direction of the species. The word tropism comes from the Greek trope ("to turn" or "to change"). Tropisms are usually named for the stimulus involved and may be either positive (towards the stimulus) or negative (away from the stimulus). Phototropism is the growth response
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PLANT SAFETY Industrial accidents present a serious problem like production losses and property damage that can possibly have a crippling effect on the operations of the organization. However‚ it is possible to and practicable to control industrial accidents Objectives of The Indian Factories Act 1948 • To protect human beings from being subjected to unduly long hours of bodily strains of manual labor‚ and • Employees should work in health and sanitary conditions so far as the manufacturing
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acid rain Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic. It has harmful effects on plants‚ aquatic animals‚ and infrastructure. Acid rain is mostly caused by human emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds which react in the atmosphere to produce acids. In recent years‚ many governments have introduced laws to reduce these emissions. Emissions from volcanoes and those from biological processes that occur on the land‚ in wetlands‚ and in the oceans account for the
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------------------------------------------------- INDEX Sr. No. | Title | Page No. | 1 | Environment | 1 | 2 | Atmosphere | 3 | 3 | Hydrosphere | 8 | 4 | Lithosphere | 13 | 5 | Biosphere | 21 | 6 | Interdependence Between The Four Spheres | 26 | 7 | Human Impact On The Environment | 32 | ------------------------------------------------- ENVIRONMENT The geographical conditions that surrounds the man on the earth is known as environment. The landforms‚ water‚ climate‚ natural vegetation‚ minerals‚ etc
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The trial was carried out at the Teaching and Research farm of The College of Education‚ Lanlate to determine the growth characteristics and yield effects of plant spacing and intercropping maize and cowpea. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) six treatments and five replicates. The treatments were as follows; (1) Cowpea intercropped with maize at 50 X 50cm spacing; (2) Cowpea intercropped with maize at 25 X 25 cm spacing; (3) Sole maize at 50 X 50cm spacing;
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between plants and people is made possible by the differences between cellular respiration and photosynthesis. While cellular respiration occurs in all living organisms‚ photosynthesis relies on chlorophyll and is unique to plants‚ algae‚ and some bacteria. Respiration and photosynthesis are essentially the same process in reverse. During photosynthesis CO2 and H2O are converted to glucose and oxygen‚ while cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen which are converted to CO2 and H20. Plants utilize
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