EXPERIMENT 1: REACTIONS OF ENOLATE IONS WITH CARBONYL GROUPS Aims In this experiment we used two techniques for the reactions of enolate ions with carbonyl groups. One technique used was Doebner reaction and the other technique used was Claisen-Schmidt reaction. Therefore the aim of this experiment is to synthesize trans p-methoxycinnamic acid and to synthesize dibenzalacetone via an aldol condensation reaction between acetone and benzaldehyde. The products would be recrystallized using ethanol
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temperature The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effect of different temperatures on the cell membrane. Materials Bunsen burner‚ tripod and wire gauze 250 mL beaker thermometer: 100–110ºC 10 mL measuring cylinder marking pen or sticky labels dissecting needle fine forceps 8 test tubes test-tube racks or 500 mL beaker to hold eight test tubes access to freezer and refrigerator washed beetroot slices: at least 40 in 100 mL beaker of water Procedure 1 Use forceps
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CHAPTERS CLASSIFIED:ENZYMES 9700/2 BIOLOGY Paper 2 Structured Question AS For year 2014 Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams‚ graphs or rough working. Do not use staples‚ paper clips‚ highlighters‚ glue or correction fluid. Answer all questions. You may lose marks if you
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Abstract: The focus of this experiment was to identify unknown bacteria provided. The identification of unknown bacteria is beneficial in many aspects of the research of microorganisms and also aids physicians to treat patients correctly. Various tests were performed to provide the fermentation abilities‚ presence of particular enzymes‚ and biochemical reactions. Qualitative observations were made on the tests in identification process. The data from experimentation provided sufficient results
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Test 1 Study Guide 1. Respiration * Respiration * Gas exchange * Necessary because cells require oxygen. * Exchanging O2 and CO2 * Carbon Dioxide is a waste product and must be removed from the body. * Internal respiration = gas exchange at the cellular level. * Oxygen diffuses from the blood into the tissue cells. * External respiration = gas exchange at the alveoli level. * Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the blood in the pulmonary
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Sarah Aguilera June 30‚ 2013 Lab # 4 Properties of Gases Purpose The purpose of this lab was to investigate and discover the physical and chemical properties of some gases. Throughout this lab the ability to identify if and when gasses were present was enhanced. Data Observations During the first step of this lab‚ when obtaining the hydrogen from the mossy zinc and the hydrochloric acid‚ it took a lot longer than I thought it would for the water in the pipet to be displaced. I was tempted
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Biology textbook- pg. 80 3) Distinguish between the autotrophic and heterotrophic nature of plants and animals. Animals have heterotrophic cells; hence‚ they live off nutrients of other species by eating. Most plants have autotrophic cells‚ which allow them to generate their own food with photosynthesis. 4) Explain the following statement: ‘All living things depend on plants’. As animals are heterotrophs‚ they need to eat other species to survive. If mammals only depended on other mammals‚ there
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EXPERIMENT 5 REDOX TITRATION: TITRATION USING SODIUM THIOSULPHATE Objectives 1. 2. To prepare a standard solution of potassium iodate for use to determine the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution accurately. To acquire the proper techniques of carrying out a titration. Introduction Redox titrations using sodium thiosulphate as a reducing agent is known as iodometric titration since it is used specifically to titrate iodine. The reaction involved is: I2 + 2Na2S2O3 I2 + 2S2O322NaI + Na2S4O6
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produce free energy carriers‚ including ATP. The free energy available in sugars drives metabolic pathways in cells. Photosynthesis and respiration are interdependent processes. Cells and organisms exchange matter with the environment. For example‚ water and nutrients are used in the synthesis of new molecules; carbon moves from the environment to organisms where it is incorporated into carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ nucleic acids or fats; and oxygen is necessary for more efficient free energy use in cellular
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PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS A solution is a mixture of materials‚ one of which is usually a fluid. A fluid is a material that flows‚ such as a liquid or a gas. The fluid of a solution is usually the solvent. The material other than the solvent is the solute. We say that we dissolve the solute into the solvent. Some solutions are so common to us that we give them a unique name. A solution of water and sugar is called syrup. A solution of sodium chloride (common table salt) in water is called brine
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