Ap Biology Test 1 Answer Key

Test 1 Study Guide 1. Respiration * Respiration * Gas exchange * Necessary because cells require oxygen. * Exchanging O2 and CO2 * Carbon Dioxide is a waste product and must be removed from the body. * Internal respiration = gas exchange at the cellular level. * Oxygen diffuses from the blood into the tissue cells. * External respiration = gas exchange at the alveoli level. * Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. * Three primary parts of respiration: * Ventilation, profusion, diffusion. * Ventilation = movement of gases into and out of the lung. * Position – dependent areas receive majority of air. * Lung volume
* To prevent CO2 from building up inside the mask and prevent rebreathing. * Aspiration of vomit is more likely with a mask. Flow Rate L/min | 5 | 6 | 8 | O2 Concentration % | 35 | 40 | 50 | * Partial Rebreathing Mask * Used when high concentrations of O2 are needed. * High concentrations are used with the critically ill and unstable patients. * Patient does not breath room air (one-way valve allows CO2 to escape). * Caution that reservoir bag does not empty completely. * Set flow rate so that mask remains two thirds full during inspiration and keep reservoir bag free of twists or kinks. * Minimum flow rate 10 L/min. * Aspiration of vomitus is more likely when a mask is in place. * Interdependent nursing collaboration with respiratory therapist. Flow Rate L/min | 6–15 | O2 Concentration % | 60–100 | * Non-Rebreathing Mask * Used when high concentrations of O2 are needed. * High concentrations are used with the critically ill and unstable patients. * Patient does not breath room air (one-way valve allows CO2 to escape). * Caution that reservoir bag does not empty