REPORT MOTIVATION OF INDIVIDUAL

Motivation in Individual

Prepared by:
LOURDES MARIAN P. PEŇALOSA

Chapter Objectives
• Characterize the nature of motivation, including its importance and basic historical perspectives
• Describe the need-based perspectives on motivation. • Explain the major process-based perspectives on motivation.
• Describe learning-based perspectives on motivation. The Nature of Motivation
• Motivation
– The set of forces that leads people to behave in a particular way.

• The Importance of Motivation
– Job performance (P) depends upon motivation (M), ability, and environment (E)

•P=M+A+E

The Motivational Framework

Historical Perspectives on Motivation
• The Traditional Approach
– “Scientific Management” (Frederick Taylor) assumes that employees are motivated solely by money

Historical Perspectives on Motivation
• The Human Relations Approach
– Assumed that employees want to feel useful and important, that employees have strong social needs, and that these needs are more important than money in motivating employees. Historical Perspectives on Motivation
• The Human Resource Approach
– Assumes people want to make genuine contributions; managers should encourage their participation by providing the proper working environment conditions

Need-Based
Perspectives on
Motivation

• Needs-Based Theories
– Humans are motivated primarily by deficiencies in one or more important needs or need categories.
– Need theorists have attempted to identify and categorize the needs that are most important to people.
– Hierarchy of Needs, ERG, and Dual-Structure
Theories

Hierarchy of Needs Theory
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
– Assumes human needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance
– Maslow believed each need level must be satisfied before the level above it can become important. The Hierarchy of Needs

ERG Theory
– Clayton Alderfer
– Describes Existence(E), Relatedness (E), and
Growth (G) needs
– In contrast to Maslow’s approach, ERG theory includes a satisfaction